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Why Do States Pursue Water Cooperation through Regional Trade Agreements: Trade, Environment, Security Linkages in International River Basins
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Why Do States Pursue Water Cooperation through Regional Trade Agreements?
Trade, Environment and Security Linkages in International River Basins
Kathy L. Powers Department of Political Science 220 Pond Laboratory Pennsylvania State University State College, Pennsylvania 16802 Email: ## email not listed ##
Abstract (180 words)
Why do states increasingly embed water treaties in regional trade agreements (RTAs),
despite a long history of water cooperation through other kinds of international institutions? I address this question in several ways: (1) I argue that the number, size, and geographic extent of basins as well as linkages among trade, environment and security issues in them has made basin management complicated and prompted states to include basin management obligations and organizational structure in RTA treaty frameworks, (2) I illustrate how states use RTA obligations and structure to manage international river basins, and (3) I discuss several challenges in evaluating the causes of RTA basin management. Hypothesis testing is not the goal of this paper. I put forth an argument about the complexity involved in assessing why states increasingly choose water cooperation through trade institutions. I consider practical issues that can lead to flawed research design choices in further studies. These challenges include a) number of RTA legal documents b) multi-issue treaties and multi-layered treaties, c) basin management through RTA treaties versus RTA policies, and d) dyad versus basin level analyses. This project was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation grant (SES-02415754), the Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Institute and the Udall Center for Public Policy at the University of Arizona as well as a PEIR grant from the Department of Political Science at Pennsylvania State University. Any errors are the responsibility of the author. Prepared for delivery at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Sept. 1- Sept.4, 2005. Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
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Why Do States Pursue Water Cooperation through Regional Trade Agreements?
Trade, Environment and Security Linkages in International River Basins
Kathy L. Powers
Department of Political Science
220 Pond Laboratory
Pennsylvania State University
State College, Pennsylvania 16802
Email: ## email not listed ##
Abstract (180 words)
Why do states increasingly embed water treaties in regional trade agreements (RTAs),
despite a long history of water cooperation through other kinds of international institutions? I
address this question in several ways: (1) I argue that the number, size, and geographic extent of
basins as well as linkages among trade, environment and security issues in them has made basin
management complicated and prompted states to include basin management obligations and
organizational structure in RTA treaty frameworks, (2) I illustrate how states use RTA
obligations and structure to manage international river basins, and (3) I discuss several
challenges in evaluating the causes of RTA basin management. Hypothesis testing is not the
goal of this paper. I put forth an argument about the complexity involved in assessing why states
increasingly choose water cooperation through trade institutions. I consider practical issues that
can lead to flawed research design choices in further studies. These challenges include a) number
of RTA legal documents b) multi-issue treaties and multi-layered treaties, c) basin management
through RTA treaties versus RTA policies, and d) dyad versus basin level analyses.
This project was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation grant (SES-
02415754), the Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Institute and the Udall Center for
Public Policy at the University of Arizona as well as a PEIR grant from the Department of
Political Science at Pennsylvania State University. Any errors are the responsibility of the
author.
Prepared for delivery at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association,
Sept. 1- Sept.4, 2005. Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
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