 |
Democracy and Education Spending: Has Africas Move to Multiparty Elections Made a Difference for Policy?
| |
| | Unformatted Document Text:
Table 5: Countries included in the dataset and levels of political competition
Country
Year Competition Country
Year Competition
Angola
1985-87,
1990 None
Kenya
1981-91 Single
Party
Benin 1995
Multiparty
1992-96
Multiparty
Botswana 1981-1996
Multiparty
Madagascar
1981-85,
1987-
92
Single Party
Burkina
Faso 1981-1990 None
1993 Multiparty
1991-1994
Single Party
Malawi
1981-93
Single Party
Burundi 1981,
1987-92
None
1994
Multiparty
1985-86 Single
Party
Mali
1981-88 Single
Party
1994-96 Multiparty
1995-96 Multiparty
Cameroon 1981-91
Single
Party
Mauritania 1991 None
Cen Afr Rep
1984-85
None
1992-95
Multiparty
1986-1991
Single
Party
Mozambique
1982-90
None
Chad 1991,
1994
None
Namibia
1990-96
Multiparty
Congo, Dem Rep
1981-88
Single Party
Niger
1989-90
Single Party
Congo, Rep
1981-84, 1989-
91
None
1991-92
None
1992-95 Multiparty
1993-96 Multiparty
Côte
d’Ivoire 1992-96 Multiparty
Nigeria
1981-83 Multiparty
Eq. Guinea
1988, 1993
None
1984-95
None
Ethiopia 1983-86
None
Rwanda
1981-84,
1986-
89
Single Party
1987-94
Single Party
Senegal
1981-84, 1990,
1992-94
Multiparty
1995-96
Multiparty
Sudan
1983-84
Single
Party
Gabon
1984-87, 1992
Single Party
1985
None
1994-95 Multiparty
1986-88 Multiparty
Gambia
1981-85, 88, 90-
91, 93
Multiparty
1989-91
None
1994-96
None
Swaziland
1981-82,
1985-
96
None
Ghana 1981
Multiparty
Togo
1981-87,
1988-
90, 1992
Single Party
1984-90
None
1996
Multiparty
1992-96
Multiparty
Uganda
1984
Multiparty
Guinea 1988-89,
1991-
92
None
1987,
1989-91,
1994-95
None
1993-96
Multiparty
Zambia
1981-90
Single
Party
Guinea-Bissau 1987
Single
Party
1991-95
Multiparty
Zimbabwe
1981-93
Multiparty
41
|
| | Authors: Stasavage, David. |
|
| |
|
|
Table 5: Countries included in the dataset and levels of political competition
Country
Year Competition Country
Year Competition
Angola
1985-87,
1990 None
Kenya
1981-91 Single
Party
Benin 1995
Multiparty
1992-96
Multiparty
Botswana 1981-1996
Multiparty
Madagascar
1981-85,
1987-
92
Single Party
Burkina
Faso 1981-1990 None
1993 Multiparty
1991-1994
Single Party
Malawi
1981-93
Single Party
Burundi 1981,
1987-92
None
1994
Multiparty
1985-86 Single
Party
Mali
1981-88 Single
Party
1994-96 Multiparty
1995-96 Multiparty
Cameroon 1981-91
Single
Party
Mauritania 1991 None
Cen Afr Rep
1984-85
None
1992-95
Multiparty
1986-1991
Single
Party
Mozambique
1982-90
None
Chad 1991,
1994
None
Namibia
1990-96
Multiparty
Congo, Dem Rep
1981-88
Single Party
Niger
1989-90
Single Party
Congo, Rep
1981-84, 1989-
91
None
1991-92
None
1992-95 Multiparty
1993-96 Multiparty
Côte
d’Ivoire 1992-96 Multiparty
Nigeria
1981-83 Multiparty
Eq. Guinea
1988, 1993
None
1984-95
None
Ethiopia 1983-86
None
Rwanda
1981-84,
1986-
89
Single Party
1987-94
Single Party
Senegal
1981-84, 1990,
1992-94
Multiparty
1995-96
Multiparty
Sudan
1983-84
Single
Party
Gabon
1984-87, 1992
Single Party
1985
None
1994-95 Multiparty
1986-88 Multiparty
Gambia
1981-85, 88, 90-
91, 93
Multiparty
1989-91
None
1994-96
None
Swaziland
1981-82,
1985-
96
None
Ghana 1981
Multiparty
Togo
1981-87,
1988-
90, 1992
Single Party
1984-90
None
1996
Multiparty
1992-96
Multiparty
Uganda
1984
Multiparty
Guinea 1988-89,
1991-
92
None
1987,
1989-91,
1994-95
None
1993-96
Multiparty
Zambia
1981-90
Single
Party
Guinea-Bissau 1987
Single
Party
1991-95
Multiparty
Zimbabwe
1981-93
Multiparty
41
|
|
 Convention | | Submission, Review, and Scheduling! All Academic Convention can help with all of your abstract management needs and many more. Contact us today for a quote! | | Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. | | Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! | | Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! | | Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. | | Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! | | Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! | | Click here for more information. |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
