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Comparative Perceptions and Policy Implications of the Loyalty of American Ethnic Groups to the United States: Focus on Latino Americans
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41
117
A.A. Barreto, Vieques, the Navy, and Puerto Rican Politics (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida,
2002), 51.
118
Chris Mooney, “Treasure Island,” The American Prospect 11(October 9, 2000), 51.
119
Barreto, Vieques, 76-82.
120
James Jennings, Puerto Rican Politics in Urban America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984), 6-7. See
also James Jennings, Puerto Ricans: Born in the USA (Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
121
See Zelinsky, The Enigma of Ethnicity, 21; Dominguez, “Latinos and U.S.-Latin American Relations,” in de
la Garza and Pachon, Latinos and U.S. Foreign Policy, 157.
122
Goldstein and Suro, “A Journey in Stages,” A1. The 2000 census, for the first time found that a huge
number of Latinos (6+ million) declined to identify the country where they or their ancestors were from. This
can certainly be variously interpreted, but it is noteworthy that many close observers felt it reflected growing
assimilation by Latino Americans. D’Vera Cohn, “Shifting Portrait of U.S. Hispanics,” Washington Post, May
10, 2001, A1.
123
D’Vera Cohn, “Immigrants’ Children Fuel Growth Among Latinos,” Washington Post, October 14, 2003,
A2.
124
David M.Reimers, Unwelcome Strangers: American Identity and the Turn Against Immigration (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1998), 110-11.
125
The findings of a 1998 survey were fairly typical prior to 9/11: only 11% of respondents agreed that Jews
have “too much power in the U.S. today.” About 23% agreed that “pro-Israel lobby groups have too much
influence.” Highlights from a November 1998 Anti-Defamation League Survey on Anti-Semitism and Prejudice
in America (New York: Anti-Defamation League, 1998), 11, 40. However, by 2001 16% felt that Jews had too
much power and by 2002 it rose to 20%. Moreover, 63% in 2002 (compared with 45% in 1998) felt that an
increase in global anti-Semitism was likely and, ominously, “for the first time, attitudes toward Israel are
actually fostering anti-Semitic beliefs among some Americans.” Anti-Semitism in America: 2002, 12, 15, 17.
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41
117
A.A. Barreto, Vieques, the Navy, and Puerto Rican Politics (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida,
2002), 51.
118
Chris Mooney, “Treasure Island,” The American Prospect 11(October 9, 2000), 51.
119
Barreto, Vieques, 76-82.
120
James Jennings, Puerto Rican Politics in Urban America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984), 6-7. See
also James Jennings, Puerto Ricans: Born in the USA (Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
121
See Zelinsky, The Enigma of Ethnicity, 21; Dominguez, “Latinos and U.S.-Latin American Relations,” in de
la Garza and Pachon, Latinos and U.S. Foreign Policy, 157.
122
Goldstein and Suro, “A Journey in Stages,” A1. The 2000 census, for the first time found that a huge
number of Latinos (6+ million) declined to identify the country where they or their ancestors were from. This
can certainly be variously interpreted, but it is noteworthy that many close observers felt it reflected growing
assimilation by Latino Americans. D’Vera Cohn, “Shifting Portrait of U.S. Hispanics,” Washington Post, May
10, 2001, A1.
123
D’Vera Cohn, “Immigrants’ Children Fuel Growth Among Latinos,” Washington Post, October 14, 2003,
A2.
124
David M.Reimers, Unwelcome Strangers: American Identity and the Turn Against Immigration (New York:
Columbia University Press, 1998), 110-11.
125
The findings of a 1998 survey were fairly typical prior to 9/11: only 11% of respondents agreed that Jews
have “too much power in the U.S. today.” About 23% agreed that “pro-Israel lobby groups have too much
influence.” Highlights from a November 1998 Anti-Defamation League Survey on Anti-Semitism and Prejudice
in America (New York: Anti-Defamation League, 1998), 11, 40. However, by 2001 16% felt that Jews had too
much power and by 2002 it rose to 20%. Moreover, 63% in 2002 (compared with 45% in 1998) felt that an
increase in global anti-Semitism was likely and, ominously, “for the first time, attitudes toward Israel are
actually fostering anti-Semitic beliefs among some Americans.” Anti-Semitism in America: 2002, 12, 15, 17.
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