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Designs on Public Space: Exclusion and the Creation of Bonus Plazas
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Designs on Public Space:
Exclusion and the Creation of Bonus PlazasGreg Smithsimon
Barnard College## email not listed ##
Abstract
Research has found that most bonus plazas in front of Manhattan office buildings are barren, uninviting spaces. But there has been little study of why that is so. Existing explanations suggest this is incidental to other causes—architects slavishly reproducing modernist architectural styles, or developers too cheap to build usable public space. Such explanations are found to be unsupported by the facts. This study of 291 Manhattan bonus plazas and the development process in New York, including site observations, analysis of newly available plaza data, and interviews of architects, planners, and building managers reveals that spaces were made uninviting intentionally, and that it was building developers who wanted the plazas to be inaccessible. Implications for the study and creation of public space are discussed.
Keywords
public space, sociology of space, urbanexclusion, bonus plazas, New York City, architects, developers
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| | Authors: Smithsimon, Gregory. |
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Designs on Public Space:
Exclusion and the Creation of Bonus Plazas
Greg Smithsimon
Barnard College
## email not listed ##
Abstract
Research has found that most bonus plazas in front of
Manhattan office buildings are barren, uninviting spaces. But
there has been little study of why that is so. Existing
explanations suggest this is incidental to other causes—
architects slavishly reproducing modernist architectural styles,
or developers too cheap to build usable public space. Such
explanations are found to be unsupported by the facts. This
study of 291 Manhattan bonus plazas and the development
process in New York, including site observations, analysis of
newly available plaza data, and interviews of architects,
planners, and building managers reveals that spaces were made
uninviting intentionally, and that it was building developers who
wanted the plazas to be inaccessible. Implications for the study
and creation of public space are discussed.
Keywords
public space, sociology of space, urban
exclusion, bonus plazas, New York City, architects, developers
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