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'Tough Times Don't Last, Tough Women Do': Bureaucracy, Masculinity, and the Female Cadet
Unformatted Document Text:  Note: All names which appear in this paper are pseudonyms. 1 “Tough Times Don’t Last, Tough Women Do”: Bureaucracy, Masculinity, and the Female Cadet Kirby D. Schroeder University of Chicago ## email not listed ## A.S.A. Paper Submission, 1/03 “This is a men’s school that some women get to attend.” —Female upperclassman, Bravo Navy Platoon, Norwich University ROTC Introduction Norwich University is the oldest private military college in the United States, and like all co-educational military colleges its Corps of Cadets is heavily dominated by men. While women actively participate at all levels of the organization, their hypervisibility combines with a set of institutional identity expectations (theirs and other’s) to cause them to choose between being feminine “ladies” and masculine “cadets.” Either choice contains a deviance/ conformity contradiction which tends to preclude future access to the significant social advantages offered by

Authors: Schroeder, Kirby.
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Note: All names which appear in this paper are pseudonyms.
1
“Tough Times Don’t Last, Tough Women Do”: Bureaucracy,
Masculinity, and the Female Cadet
Kirby D. Schroeder
University of Chicago
## email not listed ##
A.S.A. Paper Submission, 1/03
“This is a men’s school that some women get to attend.”
—Female upperclassman, Bravo Navy Platoon, Norwich University ROTC
Introduction
Norwich University is the oldest private military college in the United States, and like all
co-educational military colleges its Corps of Cadets is heavily dominated by men. While women
actively participate at all levels of the organization, their hypervisibility combines with a set of
institutional identity expectations (theirs and other’s) to cause them to choose between being
feminine “ladies” and masculine “cadets.” Either choice contains a deviance/ conformity
contradiction which tends to preclude future access to the significant social advantages offered by


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