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The Continuing Significance of Race in the Occupational Attainment of White and Black: A Segmented Labor Market Analysis
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The Continuing Significance of Race
in the Occupational Attainment of White and Black:
A Segmented Labor Market Analysis
Changhwan Kim and Christopher R. Tamborini
University of Texas at Austin
December 11, 2002
In this article we posit that racial discrimination is not uniform across the U.S. labormarket. While it is likely that patterns of racial discrimination occur more in some typesof jobs more than others, little empirical research exists which examines the effect of raceacross segmented labor markets. Incorporating two decades of comparable data setsfrom GSS data, this article revisits William J. Wilson’s hypothesis that the significance ofrace in determining labor market outcomes is declining. We examine the effect of racewithin two dissimilar labor segments over time, dividing the labor market into techniqueversus social-skill orientated segments. Using this theoretically useful dichotomy, weexamine if the net effect of race (African-American and White men) on occupationalprestige from the 1970s to the 1990s has declined. Empirical results indicate that thistheoretically driven dichotomy is meaningful. Our multivariate analyses show that thenet effect of race is different in each labor market.
This suggests that racial
discrim
ination against African Americans is not uniform across the entire labor market,
but instead differentiately manifested with various labor market segments. Overall, ourfindings partially support Wilson’s thesis indicating that while the effect of race is nolonger a significant indicator of occupational prestige by the 1990s in a techniqueoriented job segment, it remains a significant predictive variable within ‘social-skillorientated’ job segment, even when controlling for a range of social class and structuralvariables.
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| | Authors: Kim, Changhwan. and Tamborini, Chris. |
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The Continuing Significance of Race
in the Occupational Attainment of White and Black:
A Segmented Labor Market Analysis
Changhwan Kim and Christopher R. Tamborini
University of Texas at Austin
December 11, 2002
In this article we posit that racial discrimination is not uniform across the U.S. labor
market. While it is likely that patterns of racial discrimination occur more in some types
of jobs more than others, little empirical research exists which examines the effect of race
across segmented labor markets. Incorporating two decades of comparable data sets
from GSS data, this article revisits William J. Wilson’s hypothesis that the significance of
race in determining labor market outcomes is declining. We examine the effect of race
within two dissimilar labor segments over time, dividing the labor market into technique
versus social-skill orientated segments. Using this theoretically useful dichotomy, we
examine if the net effect of race (African-American and White men) on occupational
prestige from the 1970s to the 1990s has declined. Empirical results indicate that this
theoretically driven dichotomy is meaningful. Our multivariate analyses show that the
net effect of race is different in each labor market.
This suggests that racial
discrim
ination against African Americans is not uniform across the entire labor market,
but instead differentiately manifested with various labor market segments. Overall, our
findings partially support Wilson’s thesis indicating that while the effect of race is no
longer a significant indicator of occupational prestige by the 1990s in a technique
oriented job segment, it remains a significant predictive variable within ‘social-skill
orientated’ job segment, even when controlling for a range of social class and structural
variables.
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