Beyond the virgin/vamp binary
The Bombay film industry known as Bollywood (a term considered pejorative by many in
the film industry), producing over 700 films annually is indisputably the most prolific in the world
(Dasgupta, 1996). Though there are several distinct film industries and a clearly identifiable
parallel cinema movement (although almost extinct now) in India, this paper will focus on the
Bombay film industry and its commercial fare alone. Commercial Hindi films have often been
derided as formulaic, clichéd, regressive, and unrealistic, to name only some of the milder
critiques, both at home and abroad. Over the last ten years or so, there has been a dramatic shift in
the thematic content with the injection of new blood in the industry and filmmakers are
experimenting with a wider variety of themes. This move is in part led by the introduction of
multiplexes which has opened up the possibilities of niche audiences where films can be targeted
at specific segments with a fair chance of box office success. This multiplex phenomenon as the
industry in India likes to call it is an inherent part of the globalization juggernaut which is
changing every facet of public and private life in India. I would assert that this rapid globalization
of commerce and viewpoints is possibly one of the major reasons (among a host of many others
outside the scope of this paper) that representations of women, sexuality, and gender roles are
undergoing a rapid change in commercial Indian cinema. The aim of this study was to examine
whether this change perceived by the author is in fact identified and understood as such by the
study subjects as well. Secondly one sought to understand how the changing representations of
women in Indian films are perceived, interpreted and (if at all) utilized or internalized by the
subjects in any form or manner. In this paper I will present a brief historical overview of the
representations of women in Indian films, followed by the rationale for the study, theories guiding
the study, and in the last section (the bulk of this paper) I will present the findings from my study.
Literature Review and Rationale
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