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The Life Cycle of Land-based Social Movements: The Community Capitals Framework and Social Movement Research
Unformatted Document Text:  The Life Cycle of Land-based Social Movements: The Community Capitals Framework  and Social Movement Research ABSTRACT This paper focuses on issues of land and conflict.  By placing land at the center of social conflict, I draw on a common thread that connects an array of social movements referred to as land-based social movements.  In an attempt to add to discussions on social movement emergence, mobilization, and outcomes, I introduce the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) (Flora and Flora 2008) as an analytical tool for organizing and explaining land-based social movements.  I derive a number of hypotheses that relate to the life cycle of land-based social movements.  Finally, the implications of introducing CCF to the study of land-based social movements is discussed. INTRODUCTION Land offers access to natural resources, supports the built environment, influences  important human skills, and helps shape the social and cultural identities that emerge  from place.  Land and those who control its resources, landscape, and meanings possess  both power and influence in the social world.  As a result, the ability to define and control  land is linked to many forms of contentious politics such as social revolutions, war, civic  unrest, genocide and mass killing, strikes, protests, and social movements (McAdam,  Tarrow, and Tilly 2001).  For this paper, I focus on social movements that emerge in  response to contentious land issues such as competition for scarce resources, conflict over  the right to define land, or threat of losing or changing the actually landscape. Because of the pivotal role land plays in social life and the extent to which it is  tied to social conflict, it should have a central place in studies of social movemetn  research.  Today, within the United States, between Federal land designations and state  and local land designations, every one of the 3.2 billion acres of the US has a land  classification and an owner.  Approximately 60 percent is privately owned, nearly 37  percent is owned by federal, state, and local governments (the largest of which, 28  1

Authors: Hofstedt, Brandon.
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The Life Cycle of Land-based Social Movements: The Community Capitals Framework 
and Social Movement Research
ABSTRACT
This paper focuses on issues of land and conflict.  By placing land at the center of social 
conflict, I draw on a common thread that connects an array of social movements referred 
to as land-based social movements.  In an attempt to add to discussions on social 
movement emergence, mobilization, and outcomes, I introduce the Community Capitals 
Framework (CCF) (Flora and Flora 2008) as an analytical tool for organizing and 
explaining land-based social movements.  I derive a number of hypotheses that relate to 
the life cycle of land-based social movements.  Finally, the implications of introducing 
CCF to the study of land-based social movements is discussed.
INTRODUCTION
Land offers access to natural resources, supports the built environment, influences 
important human skills, and helps shape the social and cultural identities that emerge 
from place.  Land and those who control its resources, landscape, and meanings possess 
both power and influence in the social world.  As a result, the ability to define and control 
land is linked to many forms of contentious politics such as social revolutions, war, civic 
unrest, genocide and mass killing, strikes, protests, and social movements (McAdam, 
Tarrow, and Tilly 2001).  For this paper, I focus on social movements that emerge in 
response to contentious land issues such as competition for scarce resources, conflict over 
the right to define land, or threat of losing or changing the actually landscape.
Because of the pivotal role land plays in social life and the extent to which it is 
tied to social conflict, it should have a central place in studies of social movemetn 
research.  Today, within the United States, between Federal land designations and state 
and local land designations, every one of the 3.2 billion acres of the US has a land 
classification and an owner.  Approximately 60 percent is privately owned, nearly 37 
percent is owned by federal, state, and local governments (the largest of which, 28 
1


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