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National Identity, Multiculturalism, and Immigrant Integration in Trans-Atlantic Perspective: Canada, the United States, and France Compared
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Managing migration in ways that will produce benefits for both the receiving and sending countries is a delicate task. . . . Two major common challenges are: (i) attracting immigrants to match current and future labor needs; and (ii) once the immigrants have arrived, how best to integrate them and their families into our economies and societies. . . . Every OECD country should make this a priority. It is socially, politically, ethically, and morally correct, but it is also an act of economic rationality. Angel Gurria, Secretary-General of the OECD
1
Among public officials and social scientists alike, the economic consequences of immigration command
a majority of attention. Yet the process whereby the foreign-born engage the cultural norms of the
countries into which they are received, the social and political beliefs, values and ways of life of the
host society, must be of equal concern. With approximately one in ten residents of advanced industrial
democracies now of foreign birth, international migration is at an all time high, a migrant population
more mobile, widely dispersed, and heterogeneous than ever before.
2
There is no shortage of media
coverage centering on the challenges of diversity: the appropriateness of religious dress in the classroom
and the polling station; public funding for racially or religiously-themed schools; whether public
institutions should make concessions to minority languages; how the decisions of sectarian courts might
be recognized under national law; the limits of censorship. In response, political party systems have
been recast and, with the rise of anti-immigrant parties of the right, sometimes dramatically so. Indeed,
in a post 9/11 world, attention to immigrant political incorporation has intensified given its connection
to national security. It is not surprising that in traditional immigrant receiving countries as well as
longer established states, terms of citizenship are being debated and refashioned in an effort to specify
the political rights and responsibilities of newcomers and to engender among them a greater sense of
national belonging.
The present paper considers the way in which different national discourses inform the
integration of immigrants in Canada, the United States, and France. Given that Canada and the US are
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Managing migration in ways that will produce benefits for both the receiving and
sending countries is a delicate task. . . . Two major common challenges are: (i)
attracting immigrants to match current and future labor needs; and (ii) once the
immigrants have arrived, how best to integrate them and their families into our
economies and societies. . . . Every OECD country should make this a priority.
It is socially, politically, ethically, and morally correct, but it is also an act of
economic rationality.
Angel Gurria, Secretary-General of the
OECD
Among public officials and social scientists alike, the economic consequences of immigration command
a majority of attention. Yet the process whereby the foreign-born engage the cultural norms of the
countries into which they are received, the social and political beliefs, values and ways of life of the
host society, must be of equal concern. With approximately one in ten residents of advanced industrial
democracies now of foreign birth, international migration is at an all time high, a migrant population
more mobile, widely dispersed, and heterogeneous than ever before.
There is no shortage of media
coverage centering on the challenges of diversity: the appropriateness of religious dress in the classroom
and the polling station; public funding for racially or religiously-themed schools; whether public
institutions should make concessions to minority languages; how the decisions of sectarian courts might
be recognized under national law; the limits of censorship. In response, political party systems have
been recast and, with the rise of anti-immigrant parties of the right, sometimes dramatically so. Indeed,
in a post 9/11 world, attention to immigrant political incorporation has intensified given its connection
to national security. It is not surprising that in traditional immigrant receiving countries as well as
longer established states, terms of citizenship are being debated and refashioned in an effort to specify
the political rights and responsibilities of newcomers and to engender among them a greater sense of
national belonging.
The present paper considers the way in which different national discourses inform the
integration of immigrants in Canada, the United States, and France. Given that Canada and the US are
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