Beyond Standard Professionalism: Journalism and Language Roles Among European Minority Language Journalists
36
Zabaleta, Iñaki, Nicolas Xamardo, Miren Arantza Gutierrez, Santiago Urrutia,
and Itxaso Fernández Astobiza. 2008. Language Development,
Knowledge and Use Among Journalists of European Minority Language
Media. Journalism Studies 9 (2):195-211.
1
Populist mobilizer dimensions: Let people express views; develop cultural interests;
motivate peoople to get involved; point to possible solutions; set the political agenda.
2
A summary of literature in English on general aspects of European minority language
media published until 1998 can be found in an article by Mike Cormack (Cormack 1998).
3
If we also include media of seven communities (Corsican, Breton, Frisian, Irish,
Welsh, Scottish-Gaelic) with any content percentage in minority language, due to their
relatively low media development, then the estimate raises to 1,098 outlets (45.9% press,
36.5% radio, and 17.6% TV).
4
“A person who has a full-time or near full-time occupation reporting, writing, editing,
photographing, broadcasting or directing news stories or other information to the public by
established media.â€
5
We should mention that a small number of journalists who work in/for social media
(two Corsican, one Catalan and one Basque questionnaires, only) do not receive a salary as
such, although they carry out a standard journalistic activity. We have included them anyway.
6
1) Catalan sample: 82 questionnaires; population estimate, 3,677 journalists. 2)
Basque sample: 31 questionnaires; population estimate, 650 journalists. 3) Galician sample: 25
questionnaires; population estimate, 460 journalists. 4) Irish sample, from both The Republic
of Ireland and Northern Ireland: 17 questionnaires; population estimate, 121 journalists. 5)
Sámi sample: 17 questionnaires; population estimate, 103 journalists. 6) Welsh sample: 15
questionnaires; population estimate, 95 journalists. 7) Frisian journalists: 10 questionnaires; 81
journalists. 8) Breton sample: 11 questionnaires; population estimate, 51 journalists. 9)
Scottish-Gaelic sample: 12 questionnaires; population estimate, 35 journalists. 10) Corsican
sample: 10 questionnaires; population estimate, 28 journalists.
7
As a hint for the “other†category, public media journalists had a suplementary option
named “Public employee/functionary.†The very few who checked that option were coded in
the “other†category.
8
We express our gratitude to media directors and managers.
9
The higher value of the range is a decimal point below the number shown (i. e.,
39.9%) in all categories and ranges presented in this section.
Convention