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Association: Name: American Studies Association URL: http://www.theasa.net
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p114426_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Espiritu, Augusto. "Empire without Imperialism: The Philippine-American War and American Culture" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association, <Not Available>. 2008-10-09 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p114426_index.html>

Espiritu, A. "Empire without Imperialism: The Philippine-American War and American Culture" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association <Not Available>. 2008-10-09 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p114426_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: In his book Racism without Racists, sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva has characterized the post-civil rights era in terms of the discourse of “color-blind racism,” which marks the shift in white racial discourse from overt to covert racial language. This shift, Bonilla-Silva writes, was made necessary by the impact of civil rights legislation and the civil rights movement’s impact upon American life. In a similar sense, I explore in this paper America’s coming of age in Empire-building in the twentieth century, which one might regard as “empire without imperialism.” In a world of decolonizing peoples asserting themselves as sovereign nation-states in a Westphalian system, the American foreign policy establishment articulated one after another noble, ethically-sounding discourse on international relations: Wilsonian self-determination, Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy, and the language of “special relations” between the USA and countless nations (through bilateral ties). These, alongside of the discourses of the Open Door, free markets, and democracy, provided the discursive basis for an American imperium without imperialism in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This purportedly high-minded and complex system of denying imperialism (“now you see it, now you don’t) has been supported by a literature of American Empire that has denied and displaced America’s tutelage in British imperialism, its outright international land-grabbing of sovereign Indian and Latin American nations, and suppression of its modern origins in the overwhelming violence of the Philippine-American War. While professing “benevolent assimilation,” “tutelage,” and “democracy,” America’s invasion of the Philippines combined vicious racism with torture, rape, concentration camp tactics, environmental destruction, and genocide, which would be – from a humanistic viewpoint – painfully memorable. It would show that the USA was no different from the Spanish Empire it preceded as well as its British, French, and Japanese contemporaries. This paper thus explores the manifold ways in which these violent origins have been repressed or displaced in US historiography, politics, and foreign policy – from the literature of colonial administrators to US historians to contemporary social scientists and political leaders – in such a way as to contribute to the re-fashioning of US imperialism from outright land grabbing to an empire without imperialism. It will conclude with the reflections of two key transnational Filipino intellectuals – Renato Constantino and Carlos P. Romulo – who from opposite ends of the political spectrum, sought to keep alive the memories of that violent encounter and the sacrifices of those Filipinos who were only seeking the end of ANY empire in their lives.

Empire and the Culture of Economy: American Power Under the Sign of Financialization

Institutionalized Violence and Imperialist Culture: Anti-Imperialism and the Philippine American War

Diplomatic Culture and the New American Empire

Global Fields and Imperial Forms: Field Theory and the British and American Empires