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When a Fear Appeal Isn’t a Fear Appeal: The Effects of Graphic Antitobacco Messages

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Abstract:

The current study experimentally tested two types of common antitobacco television ad messages—those that contained a health threat about tobacco use (fear) and those that contained a negative graphic image (disgust)—on how viewers processed these messages. Informed by the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP, A. Lang, 2006), we hypothesized that how well a message was processed depended on the type of emotional message content. In a 2 x 2 within-subjects experiment, participants watched antitobacco television ads that varied in the amount of fear and disgust content. The results of this study suggest that both fear and disgust content in antitobacco television ads have significant effects on resources allocated to encoding the messages and on recognition memory. Recognition was most accurate for messages that were high in fear but low in disgust. Messages that contained disgust were recognized faster than messages without, but having a disgusting image in a high-fear message decreased recognition latency. Secondary task reaction times indicated that the combination of fear and disgust reduced resources available for encoding compared to messages high in disgust but low in fear. The results are discussed in the context of coactivation theory and recommendations about message construction are offered to health campaign designers.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

messag (199), fear (136), disgust (116), tobacco (83), anti (75), ad (67), anti-tobacco (64), resourc (58), process (55), high (49), low (47), emot (45), recognit (40), lang (36), alloc (32), activ (31), research (30), encod (29), cognit (29), effect (28), appeal (27),

Author's Keywords:

Fear, disgust, anti-tobacco appeals, secondary task reaction time, limited capacity model
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Name: International Communication Association
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MLA Citation:

Leshner, Glenn., Vultee, Frederick. and Bolls, Paul. "When a Fear Appeal Isn’t a Fear Appeal: The Effects of Graphic Antitobacco Messages" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA, May 23, 2007 <Not Available>. 2008-11-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p171296_index.html>

APA Citation:

Leshner, G. M., Vultee, F. and Bolls, P. D. , 2007-05-23 "When a Fear Appeal Isn’t a Fear Appeal: The Effects of Graphic Antitobacco Messages" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA Online <PDF>. 2008-11-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p171296_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The current study experimentally tested two types of common antitobacco television ad messages—those that contained a health threat about tobacco use (fear) and those that contained a negative graphic image (disgust)—on how viewers processed these messages. Informed by the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing (LC4MP, A. Lang, 2006), we hypothesized that how well a message was processed depended on the type of emotional message content. In a 2 x 2 within-subjects experiment, participants watched antitobacco television ads that varied in the amount of fear and disgust content. The results of this study suggest that both fear and disgust content in antitobacco television ads have significant effects on resources allocated to encoding the messages and on recognition memory. Recognition was most accurate for messages that were high in fear but low in disgust. Messages that contained disgust were recognized faster than messages without, but having a disgusting image in a high-fear message decreased recognition latency. Secondary task reaction times indicated that the combination of fear and disgust reduced resources available for encoding compared to messages high in disgust but low in fear. The results are discussed in the context of coactivation theory and recommendations about message construction are offered to health campaign designers.

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Document Type: PDF
Page count: 28
Word count: 6844
Text sample:
When a fear appeal isn’t a fear appeal: The effects of graphic anti-tobacco messages Glenn Leshner Ph.D.1 Fred Vultee M.A.2 Paul Bolls Ph.D.3 Correspondence to: Glenn Leshner School of Journalism 181C Gannett Hall University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 Voice: 573.884.6676 Email: leshnerg@missouri.edu Running head: Graphic anti-tobacco fear appeals Manuscript submitted to Human Communication Research February 2007 1 Associate professor Missouri School of Journalism 2 Doctoral candidate Missouri School of Journalism 3 Assistant professor Missouri School of Journalism Anti-tobacco
Low High Fear Figure 3: Fear and disgust on recognition latency Anti-tobacco messages—28 Table 1. Sensitivity and criterion bias for recognition memory data as a function of fear and disgust Sensitivity (A') Criterion Bias (B") Fear Fear Low High Low high Low .790 .879 .100 -.202 Disgust High .841 .842 -.060 -.044


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