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Beyond Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism? Social Justice Critiques of Conservation and Implications for Biodiversity Protection

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Abstract: This paper is an attempt to read the history of the anthropocentric/ecocentric debate in the field of green political theory, and the efforts to get beyond it, in connection with recent social critiques of conservation regimes in a global context. In so doing it seeks to understand the theoretical contours of a problem that vexes conservation politics, notably the labor to integrate biodiversity protection with social justice. Perplexing questions of where, what, how, and for whom biodiversity should be protected complicate conservation politics on global, national, and sub-national levels. I argue that the move toward democratic pragmatism in green political theory and conservation politics is strongly influenced by social critiques of the global proliferation of conservation regimes. These critiques are largely a welcome development for biodiversity conservation, and for green political theory, because it focuses on the political legitimacy of conservation regimes. But I question whether democratic pragmatism really transcends the anthropocentrism/ecocentrism debate, as is sometimes claimed. The answer depends on what is meant by both democracy and pragmatism. If democratic pragmatism simply amounts to the victory of anthropocentric argument and the vanquishing of ecocentric approaches to conservation, then getting beyond the old debate doesn’t represent anything new and will not arrest biodiversity loss over the long-term. Conservation discourse that only permits anthropocentric values is susceptible to being trumped by a version of democracy controlled by short-term economic interests. But alternate versions of democracy and pragmatism, drawing from both anthropocentric and ecocentric arguments, are much more promising for biodiversity protection, focusing as they do on economic restraint and ecologically responsible versions of public goods. So instead of seeing anthropocentrism and ecocentrism divided by an abstract and insurmountable dualism forever separating humans from nature, I view them as conceptual poles around which different, but not fatally different, sources of social and ecological justice can be brought together in the promising meadows of democratic pragmatism.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

conserv (100), polit (85), natur (80), protect (75), biodivers (73), social (70), human (64), ecocentr (63), global (57), ecolog (53), valu (46), pragmat (41), critiqu (39), justic (39), democrat (39), anthropocentr (38), environment (36), press (35), theori (35), econom (31), ed (30),

Author's Keywords:

Anthropocentrism, Ecocentrism, Conservation, Social Justice, Biodiversity, Globalilzation, Democratic Pragmatism, Green Political Theory
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Association:
Name: WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
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http://www.csus.edu/ORG/WPSA/


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MLA Citation:

Lambacher, Jason. "Beyond Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism? Social Justice Critiques of Conservation and Implications for Biodiversity Protection" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, La Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, Mar 08, 2007 <Not Available>. 2008-11-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176527_index.html>

APA Citation:

Lambacher, J. , 2007-03-08 "Beyond Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism? Social Justice Critiques of Conservation and Implications for Biodiversity Protection" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION, La Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada Online <PDF>. 2008-11-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176527_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Abstract: This paper is an attempt to read the history of the anthropocentric/ecocentric debate in the field of green political theory, and the efforts to get beyond it, in connection with recent social critiques of conservation regimes in a global context. In so doing it seeks to understand the theoretical contours of a problem that vexes conservation politics, notably the labor to integrate biodiversity protection with social justice. Perplexing questions of where, what, how, and for whom biodiversity should be protected complicate conservation politics on global, national, and sub-national levels. I argue that the move toward democratic pragmatism in green political theory and conservation politics is strongly influenced by social critiques of the global proliferation of conservation regimes. These critiques are largely a welcome development for biodiversity conservation, and for green political theory, because it focuses on the political legitimacy of conservation regimes. But I question whether democratic pragmatism really transcends the anthropocentrism/ecocentrism debate, as is sometimes claimed. The answer depends on what is meant by both democracy and pragmatism. If democratic pragmatism simply amounts to the victory of anthropocentric argument and the vanquishing of ecocentric approaches to conservation, then getting beyond the old debate doesn’t represent anything new and will not arrest biodiversity loss over the long-term. Conservation discourse that only permits anthropocentric values is susceptible to being trumped by a version of democracy controlled by short-term economic interests. But alternate versions of democracy and pragmatism, drawing from both anthropocentric and ecocentric arguments, are much more promising for biodiversity protection, focusing as they do on economic restraint and ecologically responsible versions of public goods. So instead of seeing anthropocentrism and ecocentrism divided by an abstract and insurmountable dualism forever separating humans from nature, I view them as conceptual poles around which different, but not fatally different, sources of social and ecological justice can be brought together in the promising meadows of democratic pragmatism.

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Associated Document Available WESTERN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
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Associated Document Available Political Research Online

Document Type: PDF
Page count: 32
Word count: 9381
Text sample:
Beyond Anthropcentrism and Ecocentrism? Social Justice Critiques of Conservation and Implications for Biodiversity Protection By Jason Lambacher University of Washington (Seattle) jlambach@u.washington.edu *This paper is prepared for the Western Political Science Conference (Las Vegas 2007). It is a work in progress. Please to not cite without author consent. Abstract: This paper is an attempt to read the history of the anthropocentric/ecocentric debate in the field of green political theory and the efforts to get beyond it in connection with
(Ed.) The Greening of Sovereignty in World Politics. MIT Press (Cambridge MA: 1998). Wilshusen et. al. “Contested Nature: Conservation and Development at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century ” in Brechin et. al. (Eds.) Contested Nature – Promoting International Biodiversity Conservation With Social Justice in the Twenty-first Century. SUNY Press (Albany: 2003). Wilshusen Peter “Territory Nature and Culture ” in Brechin et. al. (Eds.) Contested Nature – Promoting International Biodiversity Conservation With Social Justice in the Twenty-first Century. Brechin


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