Author's Keywords: democracy, Africa, religion, gender, political culture	Convention Convention is an application service for managing large or small academic conferences, annual meetings, and other types of events! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: Midwest Political Science Association URL: http://www.indiana.edu/~mpsa/
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p196305_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Beard, Virginia. "Gendered Political Values: Gender Equality and Female Leadership as Political Values among African Christians and Muslims" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hotel, Chicago, IL, Apr 12, 2007 <Not Available>. 2008-10-09 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p196305_index.html>

Beard, V. P. , 2007-04-12 "Gendered Political Values: Gender Equality and Female Leadership as Political Values among African Christians and Muslims" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hotel, Chicago, IL Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2008-10-09 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p196305_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: Do cultural factors influence democratic political orientations? Specifically, do Islam and Christianity affect the democratic political values of African men and women differently? In other words, does religion affect Africans� valuation of women�s rights in the political realm, and does any religious impact vary across gender? Though previously ignored, gender and religion have risen as factors on the mainstream agenda of those seeking to understand democratization. Furthermore, do ethnicity or race, which are given meaning by the cultural context in which they function, have an impact on political values, especially as they relate to women�s rights in politics? Political values are arguably the foundational building blocks upon which political attitudes and behaviors are built. They are therefore the likely basis upon which democracy is necessarily built. Political equality, political accountability, freedoms of press, association and speech are commonly held to be core democratic political values. I argue, however, that a specific attention must be given to differences in the way men and women are esteemed in the political realm. While residents of a state may value equality of all citizens in the political realm (political equality), feminist scholars have shown that this does not necessarily include women along side their male counterparts. Inglehart et al confirm the need to investigate gender and values of gender equality in relationship to democratization. Through empirical analysis, they reveal two key findings that need further attention. They show gender equality as a value that most fully explains democracy over and above any other single democratic value. They also present a positive correlation between gender equality as a value and higher levels of democracy across a study of over 90 countries (Inglehart et al 2003). My own findings reveal that cultural identities affect political values and that support for female equality in the political realm is not equal across all societal cleavages. Thus, gender, religious identity and practice, and ethnicity are affecting foundational democratic orientations and are having this affect differently on men and women. I argue that resistance to gender equality under legal statutes and in political leadership roles directly impacts other political values and proceeding democratic attitudes and behaviors. This paper thus looks at gender equality under the law and in access to political leadership as political values among Africans, specifically addressing the effects of gender, religion, and ethnicity. It finds that these cultural identities, in the context of economic, political and social factors, do affect democratic political orientations at the most foundational level. It does so by addressing the questions: How widespread are the democratic values of support for gender equality and female leadership in the political realm? Do women hold these values more or less than men? If so, what are some of the potentially significant factors, including religion, driving value formation across genders in Africa?

Gender Role Values in the Muslim World: A Value Difference between Men and Women?

The Contentious Politics of Women�s Human Rights: Religious and Cultural Challenges to Women�s Equality in the International Arena.

Gender Role Values in the Muslim World: A Value Difference between Men and Women?