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Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p211129_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Langohr, Vickie. and Jamal, Amaney. "The Democratic Deficit and Gender Attitudes: Do Attitudes Towards Women?s Role Actually Affect Women?s Rights and Levels of Democracy?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hyatt Regency Chicago and the Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago, IL, Aug 30, 2007 <Not Available>. 2008-10-08 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p211129_index.html>

Langohr, V. and Jamal, A. , 2007-08-30 "The Democratic Deficit and Gender Attitudes: Do Attitudes Towards Women?s Role Actually Affect Women?s Rights and Levels of Democracy?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hyatt Regency Chicago and the Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, Chicago, IL Online <PDF>. 2008-10-08 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p211129_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: The Democratic Deficit and Gender Attitudes: Do Attitudes Towards Women’s Role Actually Affect Women’s Rights and Levels of Democracy? Using opinion data from the World Values Survey (WVS), Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris find that much larger percentages of Muslim publics support traditional roles for women than do the populations of other countries. “Culture matters,” they argue; “where there are more egalitarian attitudes, these are systematically related to the actual condition of men’s and women’s lives” (Inglehart and Norris, 2003). Equally importantly, they suggest that attitudes toward the role of women are strongly connected to the chances for democratization, as “among all the countries included in the WVS, support for gender equality – a key indicator of tolerance and personal freedom – is closely linked with a society’s level of democracy” (Inglehart and Norris, 2003). Other cross-national studies have used statistical indicators of women’s status to examine whether discrimination against women is more pronounced in Muslim-majority countries and whether women’s status is correlated with democracy. Steven Fish employs measures including gaps between male and female literacy rates and percentages of women in high-ranking jobs to argue that women in Muslim-majority countries suffer systematic discrimination and that this discrimination significantly hinders democratization. Using an expanded set of statistical indicators of women’s status, Donno and Russett find that women’s status is particularly poor in the Arab world but see little evidence that women’s position affects democratization. This paper will first question Inglehart and Norris’ contention that attitudes on gender affect women’s status and are causally linked to democratization, and then more closely examine the linkage between gender attitudes and women’s status in several Arab countries. The first section of the paper will use the data on women’s status used by Fish and Donno and Russett, including women’s access to education, jobs, and positions in government relative to men’s, as the indicator of women’s status in a particular country and will regress these against economic data such as GNP and urbanization levels, opinion data from the fourth wave World Values Surveys, and Freedom House measures of democratization. This analysis, which will be conducted on the 81 countries in the fourth wave WVS for which answers on the gender attitudes questions are available, will be used to examine whether gender attitudes worldwide are actually closely correlated with women’s status, particularly once measures of economic prosperity and levels of development are held constant. We will then do a more detailed analysis of the connection between gender attitudes and women’s status in several Arab countries. Using WVS surveys, statistical indicators on women’s status, and more qualitative measures of women’s rights such as laws governing access to divorce and child custody, we will examine the extent to which attitudes seem to be correlated with women’s status in these countries. Since all of these countries are authoritarian regimes in which citizens cannot directly translate their preferences into policies, if attitudes do seem to matter in determining the level of women’s rights, what is the mechanism by which attitudes are affecting these outcomes? .

Women's Autonomous Organizations, Civil Society and Democracy: How Women's Agencies Link Their Demands to Politics, From a Comparative Perspective

Democracy and the Arab World: Explaining Attitudes Toward Governance and Political Islam