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Warning: Use of Media Exposure Measures May Cause Serious Side Effects, Or: The Pitfalls of Self-Reported News Exposure |
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Abstract:
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The purpose of my study is to examine the accuracy of survey-based self-reports of news exposure. Previous research has shown that people’s self-reports can differ considerably from independent assessments of media use such as newspaper circulation (Price/Zaller 1993). These past research efforts do not go beyond anecdotal evidence, however. My goal is to assess the accuracy of self-reported TV news exposure more systematically. I use Nielsen data as a benchmark to which survey self-reports can be compared.
The Annenberg National Election Study (ANES), which was conducted as a rolling cross-section with independent random samples for each day of the year 2000, includes an appropriate question about respondents’ exposure to the nightly network news “in the past week.” This question was asked in all ANES interviews and can thus be used to calculate weekly survey-based estimates of the network news audience for the entire year. These survey estimates are compared to weekly Nielsen audience estimates. I also compare ANES and Nielsen estimates of debate audiences in 2000.
Results show severe over-reporting of news exposure. Survey estimates of network news exposure follow trends in Nielsen ratings relatively well, but exaggerate exposure by a factor of three. To make matters worse, the extent of this bias is not constant across time or individuals. For example, self-reported exposure to debates declines as time passes (but remains higher than Nielsen estimates suggest.) Faulty self-reports emerge not as a result of flawed survey design, but because people simply cannot recall or estimate their own news exposure. |
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news (184), debat (139), estim (127), report (127), exposur (113), watch (97), respond (93), 2000 (70), survey (69), self (69), question (63), network (60), nielsen (56), audienc (53), ask (51), regular (46), time (42), day (41), peopl (40), percent (39), viewer (39), |
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Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Prior, Markus. "Warning: Use of Media Exposure Measures May Cause Serious Side Effects, Or: The Pitfalls of Self-Reported News Exposure" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2008-10-09 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p41646_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Prior, M. , 2005-09-01 "Warning: Use of Media Exposure Measures May Cause Serious Side Effects, Or: The Pitfalls of Self-Reported News Exposure" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2008-10-09 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p41646_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The purpose of my study is to examine the accuracy of survey-based self-reports of news exposure. Previous research has shown that people’s self-reports can differ considerably from independent assessments of media use such as newspaper circulation (Price/Zaller 1993). These past research efforts do not go beyond anecdotal evidence, however. My goal is to assess the accuracy of self-reported TV news exposure more systematically. I use Nielsen data as a benchmark to which survey self-reports can be compared.
The Annenberg National Election Study (ANES), which was conducted as a rolling cross-section with independent random samples for each day of the year 2000, includes an appropriate question about respondents’ exposure to the nightly network news “in the past week.” This question was asked in all ANES interviews and can thus be used to calculate weekly survey-based estimates of the network news audience for the entire year. These survey estimates are compared to weekly Nielsen audience estimates. I also compare ANES and Nielsen estimates of debate audiences in 2000.
Results show severe over-reporting of news exposure. Survey estimates of network news exposure follow trends in Nielsen ratings relatively well, but exaggerate exposure by a factor of three. To make matters worse, the extent of this bias is not constant across time or individuals. For example, self-reported exposure to debates declines as time passes (but remains higher than Nielsen estimates suggest.) Faulty self-reports emerge not as a result of flawed survey design, but because people simply cannot recall or estimate their own news exposure. |
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| Warning: Use of Media Exposure Measures May Cause Serious Side Effects Or: The Pitfalls of SelfReported News Exposure Markus Prior Woodrow Wilson School and Department of Politics Princeton University Princeton NJ 085441013 phone 609.258.2749 fax 609.258.5014 mprior@princeton.edu Paper prepared for presentation at the 101 st Annual Conference of the American Political Science Association Washington D.C. September 14 2005. Warning: Use of Media Exposure Measures May Cause Serious Side Effects Markus Prior Abstract The purpose of my study is to |
| Campaign Dynamics. New York: Oxford University Press. Rutenberg Jim. 2000. "The 2000 Campaign: The Viewers." New York Times October 19 A28. Schwarz Norbert. 1999. "SelfReports: How the Questions Shape the Answers." American Psychologist 54 (2): 93105. Schwarz Norbert HansJ. Hippler Brigitte Deutsch and Fritz Strack. 1985. "Response Scales: Effects of Category Range on Reported Behavior and Comparative Judgments." Public Opinion Quarterly 49 (3): 388395. Schwarz Norbert and Daphna Oyserman. 2001. "Asking Questions About Behavior: Cognition Communication and Questionnaire Construction." |
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