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Environmental Information Disclosure and Risk Reduction: State Variation in Control of Toxic Chemical Emissions

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Abstract:

This paper reports on initial findings of a research project that examines the effects of information disclosure policies on environmental decisionmaking, specifically, actions related to control of toxic chemical emissions in the United States. The project seeks to determine why some companies do more to reduce toxic chemical pollution than others and why some communities encourage such pollution reduction more than others. Ultimately, we will try to identity the variables that most directly affect pollution and risk reductions and by implication improvements in public health.

Theory: We examine state trends in reduction of toxic chemical emissions through the lens of comparative state environmental policy. We hypothesize that state environmental releases and risk reductions are a function of: (1) population demographics and economic prosperity; (2) the structure of environmental and industrial interests; (3) and state policy factors. Method: Ordinary Least Squares regression is used on data representing trends in reported toxic air releases and risk levels for 8,813 facilities reporting in 1991 and 2000. Results: Most facilities (47 percent) did improve their environmental performance by decreasing both pollution emission levels and their overall toxic chemical risk production. However, 2,689 facilities (30.1 percent) reported declines in environmental performance because of increases in pollution and risk levels. Many of the better TRI environmental performers called Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Ohio home, while fewer appeared in Oregon and Florida. Consistent with findings from previous comparative state environmental studies, the amount states spend per capita on hazardous waste is the most significant factor influencing a state’s ratio of firms reducing toxic releases to firms increasing them. However, multiple regression models contained only a few or no significant coefficients when accounting for resource, political, and policy factors. These findings reinforce our longer-term goal of incorporating sub-state level analysis (quantitative and qualitative) in an effort to explain the patterns of toxic chemical releases and the effects of information disclosure policies on corporate and community decisionmaking.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

state (234), releas (102), polici (87), variabl (81), facil (76), pollut (74), risk (74), toxic (60), 39 (59), 0.4 (56), environment (55), polit (52), level (52), reduc (51), ratio (51), 0.7 (51), tri (49), 1 (49), report (49), signific (48), increas (47),

Author's Keywords:

environmental policy, toxic chemicals, Toxics Release Inventory, state policy, information disclosure, environmental decisionmaking, pollution control
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Abel, Troy., Kraft, Michael. and Stephan, Mark. "Environmental Information Disclosure and Risk Reduction: State Variation in Control of Toxic Chemical Emissions" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 <Not Available>. 2008-10-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p60386_index.html>

APA Citation:

Abel, T. , Kraft, M. E. and Stephan, M. , 2004-09-02 "Environmental Information Disclosure and Risk Reduction: State Variation in Control of Toxic Chemical Emissions" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL Online <.PDF>. 2008-10-22 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p60386_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper reports on initial findings of a research project that examines the effects of information disclosure policies on environmental decisionmaking, specifically, actions related to control of toxic chemical emissions in the United States. The project seeks to determine why some companies do more to reduce toxic chemical pollution than others and why some communities encourage such pollution reduction more than others. Ultimately, we will try to identity the variables that most directly affect pollution and risk reductions and by implication improvements in public health.

Theory: We examine state trends in reduction of toxic chemical emissions through the lens of comparative state environmental policy. We hypothesize that state environmental releases and risk reductions are a function of: (1) population demographics and economic prosperity; (2) the structure of environmental and industrial interests; (3) and state policy factors. Method: Ordinary Least Squares regression is used on data representing trends in reported toxic air releases and risk levels for 8,813 facilities reporting in 1991 and 2000. Results: Most facilities (47 percent) did improve their environmental performance by decreasing both pollution emission levels and their overall toxic chemical risk production. However, 2,689 facilities (30.1 percent) reported declines in environmental performance because of increases in pollution and risk levels. Many of the better TRI environmental performers called Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Ohio home, while fewer appeared in Oregon and Florida. Consistent with findings from previous comparative state environmental studies, the amount states spend per capita on hazardous waste is the most significant factor influencing a state’s ratio of firms reducing toxic releases to firms increasing them. However, multiple regression models contained only a few or no significant coefficients when accounting for resource, political, and policy factors. These findings reinforce our longer-term goal of incorporating sub-state level analysis (quantitative and qualitative) in an effort to explain the patterns of toxic chemical releases and the effects of information disclosure policies on corporate and community decisionmaking.

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 30
Word count: 10496
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Environmental Information Disclosure and Risk Reduction: State Variation in Control of Toxic Chemical Emissions Troy D. Abel abelt@uwgb.edu Michael E. Kraft kraftm@uwgb.edu University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Green Bay WI 54311 Mark Stephan stephanm@vancouver.wsu.edu Washington State University Vancouver Vancouver WA 98686 Prepared for delivery at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Chicago Illinois September 2-5 2004. Copyright by the American Political Science Association.1 2 Abstract This paper reports on initial findings of a research project that
a combined state measure of civic engagement (per capita newspaper circulation per capita library books and per capita volunteer groups) equality (percent of male public school teachers percent of female state legislators nonwhite per capita civil rights groups and income inequality) trust (crime rate per 100 000 per capita lawyers and Perkins student-load default rates) and cooperation (per capita nonprofit organizations). 14 The result for partisanship (see Table 11 Column 3) is counterintuitive. States that are more Republican in


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