Author's Keywords: Electoral reform, party systems, Belgium, district magnitude, electoral threshold, Duverger’s Law, party finance	Convention Need a solution for abstract management? All Academic can help! Contact us today to find out how our system can help your annual meeting. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
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Hooghe, Marc., Maddens, Bart. and Noppe, Jo. "The Effects of Electoral Reform on the Belgian Party System: Strategic Adaptation at the Voter and the Party Elite Level" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, Sep 02, 2004 <Not Available>. 2008-10-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p60681_index.html>

Hooghe, M. , Maddens, B. and Noppe, J. , 2004-09-02 "The Effects of Electoral Reform on the Belgian Party System: Strategic Adaptation at the Voter and the Party Elite Level" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Hilton Chicago and the Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL <Not Available>. 2008-10-22 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p60681_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The new electoral law, introduced with the May 2003 elections in Belgium entailed two major provisions. On the one hand electoral districts were enlarged, and the second-tier division of seats was abolished. Our simulations show that this second-tier division (‘apparentement’) was just as effective in ensuring proportionality as larger districts. Second, a five percent threshold was introduced. The psychological effects of this threshold have been substantial, with three small parties now in danger of losing their autonomy. Since we hardly find any indications for massive strategic voting, we might speculate that the psychological adaptation mechanism (Duverger) operates mainly at the elite level, rather than at the voter level. Rules on party finance play a key role in this process: in Belgium, as in other countries, parties have become increasingly dependent on state money and this dependency serves as a powerful incentive for strategic co-ordination.

Public Funding of Party Systems: the Untested Effects on Party Competition and Voter???s Attachments

Changing the electoral system: what about systemic and strategic effects? A focus on the new French European electoral system and its outcomes ? by Annie Laurent and Bernard Dolez

Representation and the Colombia's 'New Parties: The Effects of Political Reform on Colombia's Party System