Author's Keywords: Keywords: Transnational Social Movements, Security Studies, Petroleum, Nigeria, US Foreign Policy, World Bank	Convention All Academic Convention is the premier solution for your association's abstract management solutions needs. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66343_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Turcotte, Heather. "Slippery Security: How Political Activism & Foreign Policy Influenced National, International and Global Security Issues in Petroleum Production" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2008-10-10 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66343_index.html>

Turcotte, H. , 2002-08-28 "Slippery Security: How Political Activism & Foreign Policy Influenced National, International and Global Security Issues in Petroleum Production" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2008-10-10 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66343_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: How do the relationships between a state, its? citizens and the international community transform over time when petroleum is involved? Historical analysis reveals that the origin of massive political protest action against multinational oil corporations in Nigeria was a result of women led protests movements that began in the mid-1980?s. This paper argues that since the mid to late 1980?s, a plethora of social movements grew out of the space created by the Niger Delta women that focused on a global network of political protest against the international petroleum industry and in support of human and environmental rights. In response to the growing international social unrest towards exclusionary corporate practices supported by state political leaders both in Africa and the west, a ?precarious alliance? between multinational corporations, state leaders and development institutions, best represented by the World Bank, was established to protect and promote the oil industry. Combining Cardosa?s and Faletto?s concept of the ?pact of domination? and security studies literature, this paper critically analyzes the development of international and global security issues within a ?petro-state?. International policies and procedures that claim to alleviate political, economic and social injustices through the further development of the oil industry have contributed to the increasing social unrest in oil producing regions. By tracing action-reaction events between the movements against oil production and the ?alliance?, it is evident that the politics of oil has shifted from a strategy of economic development to one of international and global security by the end of the 1990?s. The international oil movement has disrupted the exclusionary structures of the alliance and ultimately threatened the continued production of oil. This paper concludes that a oil dependent state is a weak and unaccountable state that is reliant upon military and security action, as well as international economic control to protect it from the structural challenges of protest action.

Factoring Gender into Economic Development: Changing the Policies of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank

Industrial Policy and Competition in Developing Countries: From the Regulatory State Model to New Governance in Economic Development

Subnational Governments, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the World Bank: The Politics of Private Infrastructure Investment