Author's Keywords: two-level games, leadership styles, international negotiations, linkage, bargaining strategies	Convention Submission, Review, and Scheduling! All Academic Convention can help with all of your abstract management needs and many more. Contact us today for a quote! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69876_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Mitchell, David. "Coping With the International and Domestic: Political Leadership Styles in the Context of Two-Level Games" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii, Mar 05, 2005 <Not Available>. 2008-10-10 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69876_index.html>

Mitchell, D. M. , 2005-03-05 "Coping With the International and Domestic: Political Leadership Styles in the Context of Two-Level Games" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii Online <.PDF>. 2008-10-10 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69876_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explain what kinds of bargaining strategies decision makers adopt while contending with competing international and domestic pressures. The metaphor of the two-level game has been designed to explain state behavior as a product of a decision maker attempting to obtain ratification of an agreement by reconciling the politics of the domestic and international levels. Two-level game’s utility, as stated by Putnam however, is limited because of the assumed rationality and dependence of the preferences of domestic constituents. It is clear from a casual examination of politics, however, that in some instances decision makers act independently of domestic constituents and in other instances are constrained by the win-set of other international actors, neither of which is accounted for by the two-level model. This raises the question, what determines when a decision maker will act independently of constraints, either domestic or international and what strategies will they use to achieve their goals? This study addresses these questions by using the typology of leadership styles developed by Margaret Hermann within the context of the two-level games. A series of hypotheses are formulated to explain variations in choice of strategies as a function of different types of leaders constructing policy while coping with the competing political constraints at the international and domestic levels.

Internal Constraints on Decisionmaking in Intrastate Peace Negotiations: The Two Level Game on Cyprus 2002-2004

Two-level Games and Two-level Bargaining: Negotiating the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture