Author's Keywords: Climate Change, Framing, Emissions Trading, European Union, United States	Convention Submission, Review, and Scheduling! All Academic Convention can help with all of your abstract management needs and many more. Contact us today for a quote! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p72549_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Cass, Loren. "Issue Framing and Preference Change: The Evolution of the European Union Position on Emissions Trading within the Climate Change Regime" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Mar 17, 2004 <Not Available>. 2008-10-10 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p72549_index.html>

Cass, L. , 2004-03-17 "Issue Framing and Preference Change: The Evolution of the European Union Position on Emissions Trading within the Climate Change Regime" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online <.PDF>. 2008-10-10 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p72549_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The United States was an early advocate of including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading in the Kyoto Protocol. American officials pointed to the success of the domestic sulfur trading program in the United States and argued that emissions trading provided an efficient mechanism to reduce emissions in a cost-effective manner. The United States attempted to frame the issue as one of efficiency. It does not matter where greenhouse gases are emitted. They have the same effect on climate change. Therefore, it does not matter where emission reductions are achieved. American negotiators argued that the marginal cost of reducing GHG emissions in other countries were much lower than reducing emissions in the United States. It would thus be more cost effective to purchase emission reductions achieved in other countries. The European Union and environmental NGOs attacked the trading initiative as an attempt by the United States and its supporters to avoid their responsibilities to reduce domestic emissions. They framed the issue as one of national responsibility and equity. All developed countries should rely primarily on domestic initiatives to reduce GHG emissions. The way the issue was framed made it difficult for several EU member states to openly support the emissions trading initiative – despite their need to utilize emissions trading to meet their individual emission reduction commitments. However, the European Union has become much more supportive of emissions trading and is actively working to develop a viable trading mechanism. The evolution of the EU's position provides an interesting case study to explore the relative value of the Constructivist literature's emphasis on social interaction, persuasion, and learning on the framing of emerging problems and the definition of national preferences versus a materialist focus on the costs and benefits of policy options. To what extent did the framing of the problem constrain the policy preferences of EU member states? Does the evolution of the EU's position primarily reflect a process of persuasion and learning, or does it indicate a shift in the understanding of the costs and benefits of meeting the Kyoto commitments?

Domestic Veto Players and Trade Liberalization: the United States, the European Union, and the Cairns Group Negotiating Positions from the GATT Uruguay Round to the WTO Doha Ministerial Meeting

Stretching Too Far? Developing Countries and the Role of Flexibility Mechanisms Beyond Kyoto