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Relational Closeness in Friendship in Japan and the United States: Cultural and Individual Level Analyses |
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Abstract:
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This study examined relational closeness toward three types of friends (best, close and casual) and lovers at the cultural and individual level in Japan and the United States. The primary focus was to investigate the link between culture and self-construals. For the individual level culture, three sub-concepts of independent-interdependent self-construals (Triandis, et al., 1988) were employed. A questionnaire containing the self-construal scale and the Relational Closeness Inventory (Berscheid, et al, 1989) was administered to Japanese (82) and U.S. American (157) students. Two hypotheses were tested. Contrary to the predictions, Japanese and U.S. Americans did not differ in ranking their relational partners in terms of the degree of closeness, and U.S. Americans showed significantly closer feelings toward their friends and lovers than Japanese. At the individual level, one hypothesis was only partially supported whereas the other was not. These findings raised a question on the association of culture and self-construals |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
friend (234), close (193), cultur (183), best (112), lover (108), individu (106), japanes (102), self (98), signific (90), u.s (87), american (81), p (80), construal (73), differ (72), self-constru (64), relationship (64), high (61), low (61), di (60), ci (59), japan (58), |
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Association:
Name: International Communication Association
URL: http://www.icahdq.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Fujiwara, Manako. "Relational Closeness in Friendship in Japan and the United States: Cultural and Individual Level Analyses" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Sheraton New York, New York City, NY, <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p15238_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Fujiwara, M. "Relational Closeness in Friendship in Japan and the United States: Cultural and Individual Level Analyses" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Sheraton New York, New York City, NY Online <PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p15238_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study examined relational closeness toward three types of friends (best, close and casual) and lovers at the cultural and individual level in Japan and the United States. The primary focus was to investigate the link between culture and self-construals. For the individual level culture, three sub-concepts of independent-interdependent self-construals (Triandis, et al., 1988) were employed. A questionnaire containing the self-construal scale and the Relational Closeness Inventory (Berscheid, et al, 1989) was administered to Japanese (82) and U.S. American (157) students. Two hypotheses were tested. Contrary to the predictions, Japanese and U.S. Americans did not differ in ranking their relational partners in terms of the degree of closeness, and U.S. Americans showed significantly closer feelings toward their friends and lovers than Japanese. At the individual level, one hypothesis was only partially supported whereas the other was not. These findings raised a question on the association of culture and self-construals |
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| Document Type: |
PDF |
| Page count: |
35 |
| Word count: |
9828 |
| Text sample: |
| 1 Relational Closeness in Friendship in Japan and the United States: Cultural and Individual Level Analyses Friendship and Culture Among many personal relationships friendship has been reported as highly valuable and important for our well-being (Fehr 1996). Forming friendship is important for individuals not only within their own culture but also across cultures. As the world demographics have moved toward diversity the chance of developing intercultural friendship has increased dramatically. Intercultural friendship is especially important for sojourners’ psychological health |
| High SR Low SR Relationship M (SD) M (SD) t p Lover U.S. 14.93 (5.55) 14.48 (4.02) .50 .60 -.05 Japan 15.52 (4.22) 14.14 (3.25) 1.34 .19 -.19 Best friend U.S. 10.98 (4.56) 11.02 (4.68) -.04 .97 .01 Japan 9.47 (3.76) 10.85 (4.15) -1.38 .17 .17 Close friend U.S. 11.90 (4.17) 10.65 (4.70) 1.50 .14 -.14 Japan 9.88 (4.27) 9.94 (3.77) -.06 .95 .01 Casual friend U.S. 9.10 (3.69) 9.22 (4.02) -.18 .96 .02 Japan 7.37 (2.92) 6.93 (2.81) |
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