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An Historical Perspective of Stepparenting in the United States: Exploring Changes in the American Family Using an Age-Period-Cohort Model

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Abstract:

Demographic changes of the last 50 years have re-shaped the American family. Increases in divorce, nonmarital births, and cohabitation have shifted childrearing from co-residence with both biological parents to a variety of complex family contexts. However, changes in living with children differed by gender. Throughout this period, the majority mothers retained physical custody of their children after relationship dissolution, leaving many men outside of the everyday lives of their biological children. In turn, a large pool of women, living with their children, and men, living apart from their children, were now available to create stepfamilies. As a result, these demographic and social changes have shifted the role of parenthood, especially for men, from a biological to a social one.

While most demographic research on stepfamilies centers on the role of cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing on likelihood of stepparenthood, few take into account the impact of age or period effects. No studies known of consider cohort effects, or a combination of age, period, and cohort on the historical likelihood of being a stepparent. Using IPUMS data (1940-2000), we employ an age, period, cohort characteristic model to examine differences in social parenting in the United States. Results show age, period, and cohort to be significant predictors of stepparenthood. While incidence of stepparenthood is similar for men and women across all three dimensions, more men experience stepparenthood than women. Overall, our analysis provides a first step towards better understanding of how stepparenthood varies over the life course, over time, and across cohorts.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

cohort (109), age (87), men (84), women (79), period (74), steppar (67), children (51), model (36), famili (35), biolog (35), live (34), like (34), chang (33), step (33), stepparenthood (33), stepfamili (32), time (26), child (25), differ (24), cohabit (21), parent (20),

Author's Keywords:

stepfamilies, APC models, population change, United States
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MLA Citation:

Spearin, Carrie. and Torr, Berna. "An Historical Perspective of Stepparenting in the United States: Exploring Changes in the American Family Using an Age-Period-Cohort Model" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, Aug 12, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p21937_index.html>

APA Citation:

Spearin, C. E. and Torr, B. M. , 2005-08-12 "An Historical Perspective of Stepparenting in the United States: Exploring Changes in the American Family Using an Age-Period-Cohort Model" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Marriott Hotel, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p21937_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Demographic changes of the last 50 years have re-shaped the American family. Increases in divorce, nonmarital births, and cohabitation have shifted childrearing from co-residence with both biological parents to a variety of complex family contexts. However, changes in living with children differed by gender. Throughout this period, the majority mothers retained physical custody of their children after relationship dissolution, leaving many men outside of the everyday lives of their biological children. In turn, a large pool of women, living with their children, and men, living apart from their children, were now available to create stepfamilies. As a result, these demographic and social changes have shifted the role of parenthood, especially for men, from a biological to a social one.

While most demographic research on stepfamilies centers on the role of cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing on likelihood of stepparenthood, few take into account the impact of age or period effects. No studies known of consider cohort effects, or a combination of age, period, and cohort on the historical likelihood of being a stepparent. Using IPUMS data (1940-2000), we employ an age, period, cohort characteristic model to examine differences in social parenting in the United States. Results show age, period, and cohort to be significant predictors of stepparenthood. While incidence of stepparenthood is similar for men and women across all three dimensions, more men experience stepparenthood than women. Overall, our analysis provides a first step towards better understanding of how stepparenthood varies over the life course, over time, and across cohorts.

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Document Type: application/pdf
Page count: 27
Word count: 6566
Text sample:
An Historical Perspective of Stepparenting in the United States: Exploring Changes in the American Family Using an Age-Period-Cohort Model Carrie E. Spearin Berna Miller Torr Department of Sociology & Population Studies and Training Center Brown University Providence RI 02916 Carrie_Spearin@brown.edu Paper for Submission to: (1) Regular Session: Population Processes Pamela Smock University of Michigan pjsmock@umich.edu (2) Section Session: Section of Sociology of Population Roundtables Andrew S. London Syracuse University aslondon@maxwell.syr.edu. Abstract Demographic changes of the last 50 years have
2.30% 0.20% 45 plus 1.30% 0.10% Period Men Women 1940 0.10% 0.02% 1950 0.10% 0.02% 1990 2.70% 0.17% 2000 1.70% 0.15% Cohort Men Women 1896-1905 1.70% 0.13% 1906-1915 1.10% 0.09% 1916-1925 1.00% 0.06% 1926-1935 1.00% 0.06% 1936-1945 1.00% 0.06% 1946-1955 1.40% 0.11% 1956-1965 2.50% 0.20% Source: Authors calculations applying regression coefficents from Model 2 from Tables 2 and 3 to IPUMS data


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