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What Media Bias?: conservative and liberal labeling in major U.S. newspapers, 1991-2004

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Abstract:

A national debate currently wages concerning the ideological content of the media in America. Passionate assertions of ideological bias in news reporting primarily consist of anecdotes and allegations, without any systematic analysis of data upon which conclusions can be made (Niven 2003, p. 321). The issue of ideologically biased media need not be relegated to philosophical musings and talk show rants; ideological bias can and should be empirically tested.

Ideologically biased reporting is considered to be a serious problem for journalists (Gans 2003, p. 33). Not only is it considered to be poor journalism (Belsey and Chadwick 1992, p. 112), but it is argued to be the primary reason why Americans do not trust the media (Niven 2002).

The purpose of this paper is to test a theory of ideological bias in national U.S. newspapers. We do so first by producing a quantitative analysis of ostensible bias. We then analyze newspaper articles qualitatively, seeking to comprehend and understand the context in which politicians may be labeled as conservative or liberal. We argue that charges of a liberal bias may be overstated, especially after assessing the ideological composition of U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. Third and finally, we conclude by commenting on the implications of our findings, and by suggesting avenues for future research.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

label (119), bias (100), media (89), liber (85), conserv (84), ideolog (61), 2003 (49), news (45), senat (44), 2002 (40), polit (39), newspap (36), new (36), york (35), articl (32), time (32), washington (26), nunberg (25), p (25), goldberg (24), american (24),

Author's Keywords:

media bias, ideological labeling
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Eisinger, Robert. and Veenstra, Loring. "What Media Bias?: conservative and liberal labeling in major U.S. newspapers, 1991-2004" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC, Sep 01, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p41656_index.html>

APA Citation:

Eisinger, R. M. and Veenstra, L. , 2005-09-01 "What Media Bias?: conservative and liberal labeling in major U.S. newspapers, 1991-2004" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Marriott Wardman Park, Omni Shoreham, Washington Hilton, Washington, DC Online <PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p41656_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: A national debate currently wages concerning the ideological content of the media in America. Passionate assertions of ideological bias in news reporting primarily consist of anecdotes and allegations, without any systematic analysis of data upon which conclusions can be made (Niven 2003, p. 321). The issue of ideologically biased media need not be relegated to philosophical musings and talk show rants; ideological bias can and should be empirically tested.

Ideologically biased reporting is considered to be a serious problem for journalists (Gans 2003, p. 33). Not only is it considered to be poor journalism (Belsey and Chadwick 1992, p. 112), but it is argued to be the primary reason why Americans do not trust the media (Niven 2002).

The purpose of this paper is to test a theory of ideological bias in national U.S. newspapers. We do so first by producing a quantitative analysis of ostensible bias. We then analyze newspaper articles qualitatively, seeking to comprehend and understand the context in which politicians may be labeled as conservative or liberal. We argue that charges of a liberal bias may be overstated, especially after assessing the ideological composition of U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. Third and finally, we conclude by commenting on the implications of our findings, and by suggesting avenues for future research.

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Associated Document Available American Political Science Association
Associated Document Available Political Research Online

Document Type: PDF
Page count: 27
Word count: 6295
Text sample:
What Media Bias?: conservative and liberal labeling in major U.S. newspapers 1991 — 2004 Robert M. Eisinger Loring R. Veenstra and John P. Koehn Lewis & Clark College Portland Oregon Paper to be presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Washington D.C. September 1-4 2005. [Please do not quote without permission of the authors.] Send correspondence to: Robert M. Eisinger Chair Political Science Department Lewis & Clark College 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road Portland Oregon
New York: Vintage Books. Rosen Jay. 2003. “Right Turns ” Washington Post 9 February T03. Schudson Michael. 1978. Discovering the News. New York: Basic Books. 26 “Strong Opposition to Media Cross-Ownership Emerges ” 2003. The Pew Research Center 13 July retrieved 19 October 2003 < http://people- press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=188>. Watts Mark and David Domke Dhavan V. Shah and David P. Fan. 1999. “Elite Cues and Media Bias in Presidential Campaigns: Explaining Public Perceptions of a Liberal Press ” Communication Research 26


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