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The Southern Imposition: Congress and Labor in the New Deal and Fair Deal

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Abstract:

Through a combination of legislative history and roll call analysis, the paper explores how the southern wing of the Democratic party, the pivotal voter in the quasi-three party system during the New Deal/Fair Deal period, exercised a decisive role in shaping the institutional conditions--both favorable and unfavorable--under which the labor movement developed. When southern representatives approved policies in tandem with their nonsouthern Democratic colleagues, these became law, though
crucially bearing two concessions to the South: (1) the exclusion of persons employed in agricultural and domestic labor, the sectors in which African-American workers were most densely concentrated in the South, and (2) with limitations placed on the building of a national administrative apparatus to implement and enforce laws regulating national labor markets. When southerners dissented from labor policy favorable to union and worker rights, they exercised a veto on the modal Democratic party position. During the 1930s and 1940s, the South shifted from supporting to opposing the Democratic party's relatively pro-labor stance. We trace this trajectory, placing causal weight on the way tight labor markets during the Second World War facilitated the penetration of unions, some of which were racially integrated, within the South.

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labor (255), union (113), act (110), new (95), southern (90), legisl (77), relat (73), class (72), american (72), work (72), democrat (62), agricultur (61), state (61), deal (60), polit (58), law (57), organ (53), nation (49), 1947 (46), wage (44), worker (43),

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Keywords: labor, south, race, New Deal
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Farhang, Sean. and Katznelson, Ira. "The Southern Imposition: Congress and Labor in the New Deal and Fair Deal" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-27 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65167_index.html>

APA Citation:

Farhang, S. and Katznelson, I. , 2002-08-28 "The Southern Imposition: Congress and Labor in the New Deal and Fair Deal" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-27 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65167_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Through a combination of legislative history and roll call analysis, the paper explores how the southern wing of the Democratic party, the pivotal voter in the quasi-three party system during the New Deal/Fair Deal period, exercised a decisive role in shaping the institutional conditions--both favorable and unfavorable--under which the labor movement developed. When southern representatives approved policies in tandem with their nonsouthern Democratic colleagues, these became law, though
crucially bearing two concessions to the South: (1) the exclusion of persons employed in agricultural and domestic labor, the sectors in which African-American workers were most densely concentrated in the South, and (2) with limitations placed on the building of a national administrative apparatus to implement and enforce laws regulating national labor markets. When southerners dissented from labor policy favorable to union and worker rights, they exercised a veto on the modal Democratic party position. During the 1930s and 1940s, the South shifted from supporting to opposing the Democratic party's relatively pro-labor stance. We trace this trajectory, placing causal weight on the way tight labor markets during the Second World War facilitated the penetration of unions, some of which were racially integrated, within the South.

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Document Type: .pdf
Page count: 48
Word count: 26784
Text sample:
THE SOUTHERN IMPOSITION: Congress and Labor in the New Deal and Fair Deal by Sean Farhang and Ira Katznelson Columbia University Prepared for presentation at the Annual Political Science Association Meeting in Boston August 29 2001. Please do not cite this version without permission. Comments would be warmly welcomed to sf238@columbia.edu and iik1@columbia.edu. 1 The Southern Imposition: Congress and Labor in the New Deal and Fair Deal 1 Sean Farhang and Ira Katznelson Columbia University A puzzle a causal
aware of what was at stake and thus anxious to find means to maintain control of their racial order the `solid South' in Congress closed ranks to join Republican members to reshape the institutional regime within which unions and the labor market would operate. For their Republican partners labor remained an issue of party and ideology. In the mind of the southern legislator by contrast labor had become race. Stress: The Middle Classes of America Europe and Japan at


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