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Open Regionalism: Cultural Diplomacy and Popular Culture in Europe and Asia

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Abstract:

The cumulative impact of globalization and internationalization in Europe and Asia is profound. This chapter develops its argument in several steps. Sections 1 and 2 highlight, respectively, the significance of regionalism and regionalization and of globalization and internationalization. Sections 3 and 4 illustrate the different ways that globalization, internationalization and regionalization combine to create a world of open regions. They do so by investigating cultural affairs, an issue that illustrates with particular clarity the confluence of international and global factors. Section 3 analyzes cultural diplomacy, like national security, a central prerogative of the state. Internationalization theory expects persistent national differences, illustrated here by the different approaches that the Japanese and German state have taken in this policy domain. Section 4 looks at popular culture, like finance, a preferred domain for processes that are escaping state control. Globalization theory expects convergence across nations and regions.
Taken together, both sections make two claims. First, different combinations of global and international effects create open regionalism in both Europe and Asia. Second, the international and global processes that create openness are not sufficiently powerful to wash away enduring regional differences that set Asia apart from Europe. Section 5 identifies these differences. In Asia the politically defining institution is the market, typically operating along ethnic or national lines. Identity capitalism is thus the characteristic practice of Asian regionalism. Europe's defining institution is law with its primarily regulatory effects on policies and behavior. Formal political institutions are the most typical regional practice of European regionalism. The paper's final section 6 contrasts briefly today's open regionalism in cultural affairs with the historical experience of closed regionalism of the 1930s.

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cultur (255), japan (171), region (105), govern (103), diplomaci (97), foundat (96), intern (84), polici (81), state (77), japanes (73), polit (73), german (72), global (67), world (66), germani (62), foreign (60), econom (52), institut (52), nation (48), interview (47), import (47),

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Keywords: regionalism, culture, cultural diplomacy, popular culture, Europe, Asia, Germany, Japan
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Name: American Political Science Association
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MLA Citation:

Katzenstein, Peter. "Open Regionalism: Cultural Diplomacy and Popular Culture in Europe and Asia" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65437_index.html>

APA Citation:

Katzenstein, P. J. , 2002-08-28 "Open Regionalism: Cultural Diplomacy and Popular Culture in Europe and Asia" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65437_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The cumulative impact of globalization and internationalization in Europe and Asia is profound. This chapter develops its argument in several steps. Sections 1 and 2 highlight, respectively, the significance of regionalism and regionalization and of globalization and internationalization. Sections 3 and 4 illustrate the different ways that globalization, internationalization and regionalization combine to create a world of open regions. They do so by investigating cultural affairs, an issue that illustrates with particular clarity the confluence of international and global factors. Section 3 analyzes cultural diplomacy, like national security, a central prerogative of the state. Internationalization theory expects persistent national differences, illustrated here by the different approaches that the Japanese and German state have taken in this policy domain. Section 4 looks at popular culture, like finance, a preferred domain for processes that are escaping state control. Globalization theory expects convergence across nations and regions.
Taken together, both sections make two claims. First, different combinations of global and international effects create open regionalism in both Europe and Asia. Second, the international and global processes that create openness are not sufficiently powerful to wash away enduring regional differences that set Asia apart from Europe. Section 5 identifies these differences. In Asia the politically defining institution is the market, typically operating along ethnic or national lines. Identity capitalism is thus the characteristic practice of Asian regionalism. Europe's defining institution is law with its primarily regulatory effects on policies and behavior. Formal political institutions are the most typical regional practice of European regionalism. The paper's final section 6 contrasts briefly today's open regionalism in cultural affairs with the historical experience of closed regionalism of the 1930s.

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Document Type: .pdf
Page count: 70
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Text sample:
Open Regionalism: Cultural Diplomacy and Popular Culture in Europe and Asia* Peter J. Katzenstein June 2002 *For their criticisms of earlier versions of this paper I would like to thank Brett de Bary Oka Fukuroi David Leheny Mizuko Ito Koichi Iwabuchi Wolf Lepenies Andrei Markovits T. J. Pempel Richard Samuels Fred Schodt Mark Selden Saya Shiraishi Tatsuya Tanami Jun Wada and Susumu Yamakage. I would also like to thank numerous individuals working for various Japanese and German organizations and
Joyce. 1999. "A Comparative Overview." In Comparing Cultural Policy: A Study of Japan and the United States edited by Joyce Zemans and Archie Kleingartner. Walnut Creek: Sage/Alta Mira. Znined­Brand Victoria. 1997. Deutsche und Französische Auswärtige Kulturpolitik: Eine Vergleichende Analyse. Das Beispiel der Goethe­Institute in Frankreich Sowie der Instituts und Centres Culturels Français in Deutschland seit 1945. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 1994a. "Deutsch für die Welt." Der Spiegel 36 (September 5): 198­201. 1994b. "South Korean Censors: Low Blows." The Economist (April


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