Author's Keywords: Keywords: PAC, PACs, campaign finance, competition, elections, representation	Convention All Academic Convention makes running your annual conference simple and cost effective. It is your online solution for abstract management, peer review, and scheduling for your annual meeting or convention. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Political Science Association URL: http://www.apsanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65714_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Steen, Jennifer. and Shapiro, Ian. "Walking Both Sides of the Street: PAC Contributions and Political Competition" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-27 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65714_index.html>

Steen, J. A. and Shapiro, I. , 2002-08-28 "Walking Both Sides of the Street: PAC Contributions and Political Competition" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-27 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p65714_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: We consider the implications of "double-giving," the practice of contributing to both major-party nominees in a single election. Double-giving has the potential to undermine political competition by squelching debate over issues affecting the double-giving interest. This threat is particularly acute when there is significant double-giving in one election pairing, or when one interest double-gives in multiple contests. Analysis of PAC contributions in congressional elections from 1983 through 2000 reveals that double-giving is concentrated in Senate elections, especially those involving incumbent House members and decided by close margins. The concentration of double-giving in close elections is troubling given their already short supply and important status as a source of political competition. We also find that some kinds of PACs (namely those of corporations and membership associations) are over-represented among double-givers. Check author's web site for an updated version of the paper.

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