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The Compassion Strategy: Race and the Gender Gap in American Politics

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Abstract:

Recent studies have shown that social ?compassion? issues, and not those directly linked to women?s interests, seem to drive the gender gap in presidential vote choice. Other evidence suggests that many of these compassion issues are associated with the plight of racial minorities in the media and in the minds of average citizens. Drawing on theories of the socialization of gender roles, we predict that traditional partisan appeals to address racial inequities may help to explain the gender gap. Specifically, we hypothesize that the gap emerges because women disproportionately utilize cues about candidates? compassion towards vulnerable social groups in making political decisions. In one experiment, we manipulate news information regarding George W. Bush?s commitment to blacks versus women. We find, as expected, that the gender gap is maximized when Bush takes the traditional Republican stance on race. The gap is significantly reduced when Bush espouses a more moderate position on race. Furthermore, the gender gap is unaffected when Bush takes conservative positions on women?s issues. In a second experiment, we find that the gender gap is produced only when traditional partisan appeals are implicitly racialized. Finally we show that exposure to the 2000 Republican National Convention, which emphasized racial tolerance, increased positive evaluations of Bush among women but not men.

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gender (149), bush (138), women (136), candid (111), gap (106), race (104), men (94), racial (90), white (81), polit (73), tradit (59), issu (58), frame (58), republican (56), support (54), among (51), differ (51), convent (50), social (46), 1 (45), black (44),

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Keywords: race, gender, voting behavior, elections, Bush, Gore, public opinion
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Name: American Political Science Association
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http://www.apsanet.org


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URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66168_index.html
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MLA Citation:

Hutchings, Vincent., Valentino, Nicholas., Philpot, Tasha. and White, Ismail. "The Compassion Strategy: Race and the Gender Gap in American Politics" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66168_index.html>

APA Citation:

Hutchings, V. L., Valentino, N. A., Philpot, T. S. and White, I. K. , 2002-08-28 "The Compassion Strategy: Race and the Gender Gap in American Politics" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66168_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Recent studies have shown that social ?compassion? issues, and not those directly linked to women?s interests, seem to drive the gender gap in presidential vote choice. Other evidence suggests that many of these compassion issues are associated with the plight of racial minorities in the media and in the minds of average citizens. Drawing on theories of the socialization of gender roles, we predict that traditional partisan appeals to address racial inequities may help to explain the gender gap. Specifically, we hypothesize that the gap emerges because women disproportionately utilize cues about candidates? compassion towards vulnerable social groups in making political decisions. In one experiment, we manipulate news information regarding George W. Bush?s commitment to blacks versus women. We find, as expected, that the gender gap is maximized when Bush takes the traditional Republican stance on race. The gap is significantly reduced when Bush espouses a more moderate position on race. Furthermore, the gender gap is unaffected when Bush takes conservative positions on women?s issues. In a second experiment, we find that the gender gap is produced only when traditional partisan appeals are implicitly racialized. Finally we show that exposure to the 2000 Republican National Convention, which emphasized racial tolerance, increased positive evaluations of Bush among women but not men.

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Document Type: .pdf
Page count: 46
Word count: 12520
Text sample:
1 The Compassion Strategy: Race and the Gender Gap in American Politics Vincent L. Hutchings Nicholas A. Valentino Tasha S. Philpot Ismail K. White University of Michigan Vincent L. Hutchings is assistant professor of Political Science and faculty associate in the Center for Political Studies at the University of Michigan. He can be contacted at (734) 764­6591 or via email at vincenth@umich.edu. Mailing address is Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Center for Political Studies 426 Thompson Street
some people in the news. As I read each name please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of this person -- or if you have never heard of him or her. How about George W. Bush?'' Response options range from ``unfavorable'' to ``favorable.'' The dependent variable in column 3 is ``Next if each of the following candidates were on the ballot for president this November please say how likely it is you would vote for each


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