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James Madison and the Revival of Pure Democracy

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Abstract:

We live in an age of a revivified direct democracy. The initiative, which allows citizens both to propose and to vote on laws, has been used more and more in the 23 states permitting direct legislation by voters. In California, for example, nine voter initiatives made it to the ballot in the 1960s; 22 made it in the 1970s; 45 in the 1980s; and 62 in the 1990s. In the 1996 general election, Americans voted on more than 90 statewide initiatives, along with an estimated 200 local initiatives and referenda on environmental and land-use issues. Classical liberalism and direct democracy are not necessarily friends. Classical liberalism affirms the freedom of the individual and argues for just enough government to protect that freedom from enemies abroad and criminals at home. Direct democracy means the rule of a majority of those eligible to vote. If a majority of the people turns out to be thieves, liberalism and democracy fall out and a nation can fall into civil war. James Madison told such a story in Federalist No. 10, a story of passionate factions, democratic decline, and civil war. The paper addresses the question whether Madison would approve of our revival of direct democracy. I conclude that the use of the initiative in American politics supports Madisonian liberalism.

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initi (180), democraci (82), govern (80), state (78), direct (72), polit (56), p (50), major (48), minor (47), madison (44), voter (43), legisl (41), would (41), vote (41), interest (40), public (40), right (38), american (38), legislatur (34), repres (33), liber (32),

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Keywords: Madison, democracy, American politics, initiatives
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Samples, John. "James Madison and the Revival of Pure Democracy" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002 <Not Available>. 2009-05-27 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66617_index.html>

APA Citation:

Samples, J. , 2002-08-28 "James Madison and the Revival of Pure Democracy" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-27 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p66617_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: We live in an age of a revivified direct democracy. The initiative, which allows citizens both to propose and to vote on laws, has been used more and more in the 23 states permitting direct legislation by voters. In California, for example, nine voter initiatives made it to the ballot in the 1960s; 22 made it in the 1970s; 45 in the 1980s; and 62 in the 1990s. In the 1996 general election, Americans voted on more than 90 statewide initiatives, along with an estimated 200 local initiatives and referenda on environmental and land-use issues. Classical liberalism and direct democracy are not necessarily friends. Classical liberalism affirms the freedom of the individual and argues for just enough government to protect that freedom from enemies abroad and criminals at home. Direct democracy means the rule of a majority of those eligible to vote. If a majority of the people turns out to be thieves, liberalism and democracy fall out and a nation can fall into civil war. James Madison told such a story in Federalist No. 10, a story of passionate factions, democratic decline, and civil war. The paper addresses the question whether Madison would approve of our revival of direct democracy. I conclude that the use of the initiative in American politics supports Madisonian liberalism.

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Document Type: .pdf
Page count: 30
Word count: 9192
Text sample:
195 10. Madison and the Revival of Pure Democracy John Samples We live in an age of a revivified direct democracy. The initiative which allows citizens both to propose and to vote on laws has been used more and more in the 23 states permitting direct legislation by voters. 1 In California for example nine voter initiatives made it to the ballot in the 1960s; 22 made it in the 1970s; 45 in the 1980s; and 62 in the
of direct democracy in New York. 82. Author's calculations based on presidential election data available at www.uselectionatlas.org. 83. Alberto Alesina Rafael Di Tella Robert MacCulloch ``Inequality and Happiness: Are Europeans and Americans Different?'' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 8198 April 2001 . The paper can be found at www.nber.org/papers/8198. 84. Louis Hartz The Liberal Tradition in America (New York: Harcourt Brace 1955); Theodore J. Lowi The End of the Republican Era (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1995);


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