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Democratizing Global Environmental Governance? Stakeholder Democracy after the World Summit for Sustainable Development

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Abstract:

One of the most pressing problems confronting political scientists today is: can global governance have a democratic basis? Drawing on original analysis of the Word Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (WSSD) in 2002, this paper constructs an ideal-typical model of a new approach to democracy - 'stakeholder democracy' - and defends it against certain anticipated criticisms. This work is located in the context of the changing vocabulary and practice of global governance, in which questions of legitimacy, accountability, transparency and participation have raised serious concerns. Ideas of transnational democracy lie at the heart of contending visions of reform of global governance towards a more equitable partnership between North and South as well as public and private actors. Sustainability and environmental protection is an arena in which innovative experiments with new hybrid, pluri-lateral forms of governance, along with the incorporation of a transnational civil society spanning the public-private divide, are taking place. The paper highlights the dilemmas confronting efforts to democratize global environmental governance in light of the WSSD. In Johannesburg, dilemmas and visions of globalization and good governance were explicitly addressed for the first time in a multilateral summit context. Our central argument is that the WSSD, with all its caveats and limitations, can rightly be seen as an instance of something new emerging: a deliberative stakeholder democracy at the global level. The nascent elements of this new model are specified, such as its distinctive takes on principles of inclusion and deliberation of the so-called major groups (NGOs, business, youth, women unions, farmer, science). We take stock of the new and innovative participatory practices, such as interactive stakeholder forums/dialogues and partnership agreements, which institutionalized relationships between state and non-state actors before and after the Summit. Potential objections to the stakeholder model arising from liberal-reformist, critical-gramscian, cosmopolitan and discursive approaches to democratizing global environmental governance are pinpointed, and responses are offered.
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Name: International Studies Association
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http://www.isanet.org


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MLA Citation:

Bäckstrand, Karin. "Democratizing Global Environmental Governance? Stakeholder Democracy after the World Summit for Sustainable Development" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii, Mar 05, 2005 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69660_index.html>

APA Citation:

Bäckstrand, K. , 2005-03-05 "Democratizing Global Environmental Governance? Stakeholder Democracy after the World Summit for Sustainable Development" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p69660_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: One of the most pressing problems confronting political scientists today is: can global governance have a democratic basis? Drawing on original analysis of the Word Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (WSSD) in 2002, this paper constructs an ideal-typical model of a new approach to democracy - 'stakeholder democracy' - and defends it against certain anticipated criticisms. This work is located in the context of the changing vocabulary and practice of global governance, in which questions of legitimacy, accountability, transparency and participation have raised serious concerns. Ideas of transnational democracy lie at the heart of contending visions of reform of global governance towards a more equitable partnership between North and South as well as public and private actors. Sustainability and environmental protection is an arena in which innovative experiments with new hybrid, pluri-lateral forms of governance, along with the incorporation of a transnational civil society spanning the public-private divide, are taking place. The paper highlights the dilemmas confronting efforts to democratize global environmental governance in light of the WSSD. In Johannesburg, dilemmas and visions of globalization and good governance were explicitly addressed for the first time in a multilateral summit context. Our central argument is that the WSSD, with all its caveats and limitations, can rightly be seen as an instance of something new emerging: a deliberative stakeholder democracy at the global level. The nascent elements of this new model are specified, such as its distinctive takes on principles of inclusion and deliberation of the so-called major groups (NGOs, business, youth, women unions, farmer, science). We take stock of the new and innovative participatory practices, such as interactive stakeholder forums/dialogues and partnership agreements, which institutionalized relationships between state and non-state actors before and after the Summit. Potential objections to the stakeholder model arising from liberal-reformist, critical-gramscian, cosmopolitan and discursive approaches to democratizing global environmental governance are pinpointed, and responses are offered.

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