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Ideas That Bind: Security, Nationalism and Asian Values in East Asian Development |
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Abstract:
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In this paper I will refocus on the essential elements of development in Northeast Asia: the economic nationalism and the logic of national security that animated Japan, Korea and Taiwan. These are, I will argue, two fundamental elements that made these three places so different than the countries of Southeast Asia. I will examine these ideological bases and institutions of the Northeast Asian pattern in the spirit of Albert Hirschman's dictum that ideas are the binding agents of economic development, and I will examine these binding agents in several parts: first, I argue for an overarching nationalism in East Asian industrial development, an experience that might appear to mimic Western experience, but in fact did not—because nationalism was a flexible vehicle for deviation and innovation. Second, this nationalism is different from overarching ideology that many other analysts thought lay behind this same developmental experience, namely, Asian values. I find no basis for sustaining a relationship between these putative Asian values and economic development. Much more important were security concerns, particularly those of the Cold War period, which provided a flexible vehicle for economic mobilization, often going under the philosophically vacuous but catch-all rubric of anti-communism. Third, the uses of economic nationalism in the service of mobilizing the populace for vast projects of national security/economic development have not yet run their full course, and they offer great promise for organizing China's development. Older forms of nationalism no longer have the appeal or clout that they once did, mostly because the two great endeavors which nationalism served—post-colonial emergence and Cold War struggle—have little relevance today. Security against communism is also far less important in a 21st-century context where average citizens in China, North Korea and Vietnam are probably more anti-communist than the populations of their capitalist counterparts. But new forms of nationalism for this new century will emerge in a region that still has few multilateral institutions, and little or no movement toward any overarching regional unity—in other words a nearly complete contrast to the European Union. |
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Association:
Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Woo-Cumings, Meredith. "Ideas That Bind: Security, Nationalism and Asian Values in East Asian Development" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Mar 17, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73479_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Woo-Cumings, M. , 2004-03-17 "Ideas That Bind: Security, Nationalism and Asian Values in East Asian Development" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73479_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: In this paper I will refocus on the essential elements of development in Northeast Asia: the economic nationalism and the logic of national security that animated Japan, Korea and Taiwan. These are, I will argue, two fundamental elements that made these three places so different than the countries of Southeast Asia. I will examine these ideological bases and institutions of the Northeast Asian pattern in the spirit of Albert Hirschman's dictum that ideas are the binding agents of economic development, and I will examine these binding agents in several parts: first, I argue for an overarching nationalism in East Asian industrial development, an experience that might appear to mimic Western experience, but in fact did not—because nationalism was a flexible vehicle for deviation and innovation. Second, this nationalism is different from overarching ideology that many other analysts thought lay behind this same developmental experience, namely, Asian values. I find no basis for sustaining a relationship between these putative Asian values and economic development. Much more important were security concerns, particularly those of the Cold War period, which provided a flexible vehicle for economic mobilization, often going under the philosophically vacuous but catch-all rubric of anti-communism. Third, the uses of economic nationalism in the service of mobilizing the populace for vast projects of national security/economic development have not yet run their full course, and they offer great promise for organizing China's development. Older forms of nationalism no longer have the appeal or clout that they once did, mostly because the two great endeavors which nationalism served—post-colonial emergence and Cold War struggle—have little relevance today. Security against communism is also far less important in a 21st-century context where average citizens in China, North Korea and Vietnam are probably more anti-communist than the populations of their capitalist counterparts. But new forms of nationalism for this new century will emerge in a region that still has few multilateral institutions, and little or no movement toward any overarching regional unity—in other words a nearly complete contrast to the European Union. |
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