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Association: Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73532_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Olsson, Christian. "Civil-Military Practices in Post-Conflict Reconstruction:The Interaction Between External Military Forces and Local Social Systems in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Mar 17, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73532_index.html>

Olsson, C. M. , 2004-03-17 "Civil-Military Practices in Post-Conflict Reconstruction:The Interaction Between External Military Forces and Local Social Systems in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73532_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyse military practices in contemporary external operations involving post-conflict reconstruction. Indeed, increasingly the role of the military is not only to wage war, and thus to destroy (totally or partially) states, but also to participate in the political, social and economic reconstruction of states. These social practices, that can be traced back to the counter-insurgency doctrine of the cold war (and beyond), are since the 1990s embedded in strategic discourses focusing on the supposed threats to the international system represented by weak or failed states. However, by analysing them through the lenses of the simplistic distinction between weak and strong states, these readings fail to understand the social dynamics of conflictual societies. However weak themselves, these analyses have lead to the development of civil-military practices in which the military is involved in activities traditionally considered civilian (restoration of public services, humanitarian assistance, civil administration... ) along with very diverse actors (international organizations, NGO's, local communities, governmental agencies...) in order to rebuild states, judicial systems and economic infrastructures of war-torn societies. Since the events of 9/11 these practices have been adapted to new readings focusing on the war against terrorism and the war against states accused of sponsoring terrorism. The focus in this paper will be put on the interaction between the local social systems and the external military forces involved in these civil-military practices. Three situations involving different types of interaction with the local environment will be analysed here. The case of Iraq in which a government considered as hostile was destroyed and replaced by an American civil administration; the case of Afghanistan, in which the pre-existing authority was chased and replaced by a government of local extraction but highly controlled by the American government; finally, The case of Kosovo in which the reconstruction effort was prompted by the eviction of the Serb government and the creation of an international administration after massive air raids. When pertinent, the case of Sierra Leone might also be analysed. For every case study, the social practices of the British and the American military forces will be looked at and compared. One important question will be how the transition from an analysis in terms of failed states to a discourse on the war against terrorism has impacted on the way the military interacts with local social systems in external operations. In this respect, the justification of the intervention in Afghanistan is interesting because it combines both discourses. Three separate but highly interlinked issues will be addressed: - the issue of hegemony: whereas traditional military operations aim at imposing a political will upon another through coercion, civil-military practices aim at transforming the preferences of the potential adversary by acting upon his social and political environment. Thus, by participating in the external government of local societies, these social practices are sometimes accused of being a factor of hegemony on specific societies. To what extent can post-conflict reconstruction in the name of democracy, the restoration of state sovereignty or the war against terrorism be considered a tool of hegemony? - the issue of political violence: since one of the justification of these civil-military practices are to be found in the proclaimed need to control and reduce the level of political violence by acting upon its causes (whereas traditional military practices focus on eradicating it through a force to force logic), they cannot be understood without referring to the underlying analysis of the causes of political violence. The question is thus in how far these practices manage to grasp the social dynamics underlying political violence in war-torn societies. Indeed if they are founded upon false assumptions, they are very likely to become counterproductive. - the issue of security practices: the civilian and sometimes even humanitarian nature of these military practices raises the question of the extent to which they can still be understood as security management practices as defined by the military itself. How do these practices relate to the field of international security? How do they impact on military identity as an identity historically linked to the notion of security ?

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