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Association: Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73796_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Lieber, Keir. "U.S. Nuclear Hegemony: Technological Opportunism in Theory and Practice" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Mar 17, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73796_index.html>

Lieber, K. A. , 2004-03-17 "U.S. Nuclear Hegemony: Technological Opportunism in Theory and Practice" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73796_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: The United States embarks on the 21st century committed to retaining a large arsenal of nuclear weapons, deploying sophisticated missile defenses, and developing new (and more usable) battlefield nuclear warheads. This stance - combined with the Bush administration's enshrinement of pre-emptive military action as a keystone of American policy after the September 11th attacks - is puzzling and worrisome for much of the international community. An analysis of contemporary U.S. nuclear weapons policy thus fits well with both elements of the 2004 conference theme of Hegemony and its Discontents. My paper will develop a new explanation for contemporary U.S. behavior through a comparison with American nuclear policy during the Cold War. Then, as with now, many scholars and policy analysts were puzzled by U.S. behavior because they viewed large and threatening nuclear forces as not only unnecessary for preserving American security, but also upsetting to international peace and stability. However, I will show that U.S. nuclear policy during the Cold War and today is understandable through the lens of a theory I call technological opportunism. The core argument is that states rarely view new technological developments - such as missile defense and warhead technology - as a means to preserve the status quo or signal benign intentions; instead, even purportedly defensive technologies are most often seized upon by states and their leaders as potential opportunities to gain military and political advantage over their rivals. My approach to understanding this topic is largely positivist and material, but I am sympathetic to ways in which a more reflectivist - or, specifically, a constructivist - approach can shed light on U.S. behavior in this case. In particular, the ways in which American policymakers have typically conceptualized their country's identity as a nuclear superpower and assigned meaning to concepts such as security and technology have clearly shaped and been shaped by nuclear policy decisions. In sum, I believe my paper will deal with key themes raised by the 2004 Call for Proposals, including the nature of U.S. hegemony and power in world politics and the relationship between ideas and political practice.

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