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The Causes and Consequences of Terror and Violence: A Comparison of Sri Lanka and the Palestinians, Secular versus Religious Forms of Suicide Bombing

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Abstract:

Why has suicide terror in the Middle East led to an exacerbation of conflict whereas in Sri Lanka, negotiations and a peace treaty appear to be in the process of being successfully negotiated? The conventional wisdom analyzing Palestinian suicide bombing conceives of the phenomenon as motivated by religious beliefs, nationalist ideology, obedience to charismatic and authoritarian leaders, or because of despair. This paper argues that Palestinian public opinion increasingly supports this tactic against both Israeli civilians and military personnel because of several endogenous factors. Under the present political environment, the bombings are a method of recruitment and mobilization for radical Palestinian organizations. They serve at one and the same time to attack the hated enemy (Israel) and give legitimacy to outlier radical groups who compete with the Palestinian Authority (PA) for leadership. In Sri Lanka, suicide bombing has contributed to an atmosphere of war weariness and the groups who have used this tactic have switched to negotiations in part because Tamil public opinion does not support killing civilians and constrains the kinds of terror operations in which the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) can and cannot engage. The two cases provide an interesting contrast of religious versus secular terror. Based on original field research, interviews with leaders, and analyses of public opinion, this paper explores the comparisons and differences between the two cases and explains how similar structural environments, colonial histories, comparable extended conflicts, and similar tactics have resulted in two very different outcomes.

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palestinian (189), isra (119), suicid (107), bomb (105), hama (103), 2002 (94), support (86), attack (75), per (69), cent (67), al (66), oper (62), israel (60), group (53), islam (52), peac (46), arafat (46), violenc (44), jihad (40), may (39), access (38),

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Suicide bombing, Israel, Palestine
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Bloom, Mia. "The Causes and Consequences of Terror and Violence: A Comparison of Sri Lanka and the Palestinians, Secular versus Religious Forms of Suicide Bombing" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Mar 17, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73931_index.html>

APA Citation:

Bloom, M. M. , 2004-03-17 "The Causes and Consequences of Terror and Violence: A Comparison of Sri Lanka and the Palestinians, Secular versus Religious Forms of Suicide Bombing" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Le Centre Sheraton Hotel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p73931_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Why has suicide terror in the Middle East led to an exacerbation of conflict whereas in Sri Lanka, negotiations and a peace treaty appear to be in the process of being successfully negotiated? The conventional wisdom analyzing Palestinian suicide bombing conceives of the phenomenon as motivated by religious beliefs, nationalist ideology, obedience to charismatic and authoritarian leaders, or because of despair. This paper argues that Palestinian public opinion increasingly supports this tactic against both Israeli civilians and military personnel because of several endogenous factors. Under the present political environment, the bombings are a method of recruitment and mobilization for radical Palestinian organizations. They serve at one and the same time to attack the hated enemy (Israel) and give legitimacy to outlier radical groups who compete with the Palestinian Authority (PA) for leadership. In Sri Lanka, suicide bombing has contributed to an atmosphere of war weariness and the groups who have used this tactic have switched to negotiations in part because Tamil public opinion does not support killing civilians and constrains the kinds of terror operations in which the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) can and cannot engage. The two cases provide an interesting contrast of religious versus secular terror. Based on original field research, interviews with leaders, and analyses of public opinion, this paper explores the comparisons and differences between the two cases and explains how similar structural environments, colonial histories, comparable extended conflicts, and similar tactics have resulted in two very different outcomes.

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 43
Word count: 13038
Text sample:
Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support Market Share and Outbidding Dr. Mia M. Bloom Rutgers University Center for Global Security and McGill University. Abstract: The scholarship analyzing suicide bombing conceives of the phenomenon as motivated by religious beliefs nationalist ideology obedience to charismatic and authoritarian leaders or because of despair. This article demonstrates why Palestinian public opinion increasingly supports the tactic against both Israeli civilians and military personnel. Under the present political environment the bombings are a method of recruitment
accessed 20 April 2003. 101 Sunhi Asila “Hal hana waqtu waqf al ‘amaliyyat al-istishadiyya?” (Arabic) Has the time come to end martyrdom operations? Al Ahram 10 September 2002 7. 102 Robert A. Pape unpublished manuscript citing an April 18 1994 speech to the Israeli Knesset. “Rabin: Killing Civilians Won’t Kill the Negotiations.” Jerusalem Post April 13 1994 see also Robert A. Pape “Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism ” The American Political Science Review vol.97 no. 3 August 2003 343-361.


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