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U.N. Peacekeeping Operations in thepost-Cold War Era
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nation-states whose civil conflicts the United Nations tried to resolve. The data
demonstrate that Angola, the Central African Republic, Liberia, Sierra Leone and
Cambodia possess lucrative natural resources. On the other hand, Mozambique, Rwanda,
Somalia, East Timor, Tajikistan, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Bosnia, and Croatia do
not have such resources.
Table 4: The Presence or Absence of Lucrative Natural Resources
Lucrative Natural Resources
Angola
YES (Oil, Diamonds, Gold, and so on)
Central African Republic
YES (Diamonds, Timber)
Liberia
YES (Diamonds, Timber, Rubber)
Mozambique NO
Rwanda NO
Sierra Leone
YES (Diamonds, Bauxite, and so on)
Somalia NO
Cambodia
YES (Timber, Gems, Minerals)
East Timor
NO
Tajikistan NO
El Salvador
NO
Guatemala NO
Haiti NO
Bosnia-Herzegovina NO
Croatia NO
The second independent variable is ethnic polarization. Polarization along ethnic
lines can be manipulated by political leaders to sow the seed of a vicious conflict among
diverse ethnic groups. In measuring ethnic polarization, I use the ethnic war indicator in
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nation-states whose civil conflicts the United Nations tried to resolve. The data
demonstrate that Angola, the Central African Republic, Liberia, Sierra Leone and
Cambodia possess lucrative natural resources. On the other hand, Mozambique, Rwanda,
Somalia, East Timor, Tajikistan, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Bosnia, and Croatia do
not have such resources.
Table 4: The Presence or Absence of Lucrative Natural Resources
Lucrative Natural Resources
Angola
YES (Oil, Diamonds, Gold, and so on)
Central African Republic
YES (Diamonds, Timber)
Liberia
YES (Diamonds, Timber, Rubber)
Mozambique NO
Rwanda NO
Sierra Leone
YES (Diamonds, Bauxite, and so on)
Somalia NO
Cambodia
YES (Timber, Gems, Minerals)
East Timor
NO
Tajikistan NO
El Salvador
NO
Guatemala NO
Haiti NO
Bosnia-Herzegovina NO
Croatia NO
The second independent variable is ethnic polarization. Polarization along ethnic
lines can be manipulated by political leaders to sow the seed of a vicious conflict among
diverse ethnic groups. In measuring ethnic polarization, I use the ethnic war indicator in
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