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“Everything They Ever Wanted”: ANetLogo Case Study of a Model of Rebellion in the Tobacco Dark Patch ofTennessee and Kentucky
Unformatted Document Text:  Christopher Newman Midwest Political Science Association 2004 Elgin Community College Dark Tobacco Patch War—Revolution Analysis 1 A COMPLEX SYSTEMS MODELING ANALYSIS OF THE DARK FIRED TOBACCO DISTRICT PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION WAR The longest and most violent sustained civil conflict in the United States during the century between the end of the Civil War and the racial conflicts of the mid 1960s was the Dark Patch Tobacco War in portions of Kentucky and Tennessee, which lasted from 1904 to 1909. 1 The Night Riders were a response to the American Tobacco Company—the Duke Trust—setting the purchase price for tobacco at a ruinously low level for farmers. More specifically, the Night Riders were an armed response to the tendency of some farmers in the Dark Patch (so called because of the color of the tobacco leaf raised in the region, in contrast to the bright or burley tobacco) to sell at a premium their tobacco to the Trust outside of the unified Association purchasing system. 2 When appeals to reason and economic interest had failed, the Dark Patch Tobacco Association resorted ultimately to forcible intervention with their neighbors. 3 1 James O. Nall, The Tobacco Night Riders of Kentucky and Tennessee1905-1909 (Kuttawa, KY: McClanahan Publishing House, Inc., 1991; reprint, Standard Press Edition, 1939) [hereinafter “Tobacco Night Riders”]. Bill Cunningham, On Bended Knees: The true story of the Night Rider Tobacco War in Kentucky and Tennessee (Kuttawa, KY: McClanahan Publishing House, Inc., 1983) [hereinafter “On Bended Knees”] back cover. 2 “Association members viewed the independent farmer with alarm, for while the member pledged not to sell, the nonmember or ‘hillbilly’ cashed in at a remunerative figure. This not only provoked the pool members but, in turn, caused many to withhold further membership. The disgusted members could see no possible advantage in joining the organization and suffering, while the independent farmer remained outside the fold and enjoyed all the possible benefits an organization could bring—a higher price.” Theodore Saloutos, “The American Society of Equity in Kentucky: A Recent Attempt in Agrarian Reform,” The Journal of Southern History 5, No. 3 (Aug. 1939) [hereinafter “American Society of Equity”] 356. 3 “The failure of the association to unify all elements of the Black Patch behind the program resulted in violence. Many association members became frustrated with their neighbors who refused to join and blamed them for association problems…The night

Authors: Newman, Christopher.
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Christopher Newman Midwest Political Science Association 2004
Elgin Community College Dark Tobacco Patch War—Revolution Analysis
1
A COMPLEX SYSTEMS MODELING
ANALYSIS OF THE DARK FIRED TOBACCO
DISTRICT PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION WAR
The longest and most violent sustained civil conflict in the United States during
the century between the end of the Civil War and the racial conflicts of the mid 1960s
was the Dark Patch Tobacco War in portions of Kentucky and Tennessee, which lasted
from 1904 to 1909.
1
The Night Riders were a response to the American Tobacco
Company—the Duke Trust—setting the purchase price for tobacco at a ruinously low
level for farmers. More specifically, the Night Riders were an armed response to the
tendency of some farmers in the Dark Patch (so called because of the color of the tobacco
leaf raised in the region, in contrast to the bright or burley tobacco) to sell at a premium
their tobacco to the Trust outside of the unified Association purchasing system.
2
When
appeals to reason and economic interest had failed, the Dark Patch Tobacco Association
resorted ultimately to forcible intervention with their neighbors.
3
1
James O. Nall, The Tobacco Night Riders of Kentucky and Tennessee1905-1909
(Kuttawa, KY: McClanahan Publishing House, Inc., 1991; reprint, Standard Press
Edition, 1939) [hereinafter “Tobacco Night Riders”]. Bill Cunningham, On Bended
Knees: The true story of the Night Rider Tobacco War in Kentucky and Tennessee
(Kuttawa, KY: McClanahan Publishing House, Inc., 1983) [hereinafter “On Bended
Knees”] back cover.
2
“Association members viewed the independent farmer with alarm, for while the member
pledged not to sell, the nonmember or ‘hillbilly’ cashed in at a remunerative figure. This
not only provoked the pool members but, in turn, caused many to withhold further
membership. The disgusted members could see no possible advantage in joining the
organization and suffering, while the independent farmer remained outside the fold and
enjoyed all the possible benefits an organization could bring—a higher price.” Theodore
Saloutos, “The American Society of Equity in Kentucky: A Recent Attempt in Agrarian
Reform,” The Journal of Southern History 5, No. 3 (Aug. 1939) [hereinafter “American
Society of Equity”] 356.
3
“The failure of the association to unify all elements of the Black Patch behind the
program resulted in violence. Many association members became frustrated with their
neighbors who refused to join and blamed them for association problems…The night


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