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Association: Name: The Midwest Political Science Association URL: http://www.indiana.edu/~mpsa/
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p82421_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Johnson, Bonnie. "Identities of Competitive States in U.S. Presidential Elections: Electoral College Bias or Candidate-Centered Politics?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois, Apr 15, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p82421_index.html>

Johnson, B. J. , 2004-04-15 "Identities of Competitive States in U.S. Presidential Elections: Electoral College Bias or Candidate-Centered Politics?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p82421_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: Competition is essential to U.S. democracy. When there is conflict, problems are defined, attention focused, alternatives judged, and decisions made. This study examines the consistency with which the same states have been competitive from one presidential election to the next. Competitive states are states where candidates win by 5 percent or less of the state's popular vote. Competitive and non-competitive states were identified for presidential elections from 1844 to 2000. When discussing the biases of the Electoral College, researchers mention that competitive states seem to occur randomly without any further study or explanation. A statistical analysis illustrates that the identities of competitive states have become more unpredictable over time. In terms of representation, the fact that competitive states are not consistent means different states are in the presidential spotlight at different times. As opposed to any biases associated with the Electoral College, the changes in consistency seem to coincide with the rise of candidate-centered politics and the decreasing strength of parties.

Move to the Center or Mobilize the Base? Effects of Political Competition, Voter Turnout, and Partisan Loyalties on the Ideological Convergence of Vote-Maximizing Candidates in Two-Party Competition

The Veteran Vote: Electoral Effects of Candidate and Voter Military Service in Presidential Campaigns