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Why the Hegemon's Foreign Policy Differs in the Core and Periphery? - US Foreign Policy Variation in Industrialized Democracies and Third World Countries

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Abstract:

A lingering puzzle in the studies of post-World War II American foreign policy is that the United States emphasized economic rehabilitation as a way of containing adversaries in Europe, whereas in Third World countries it relied primarily on heavy-handed military intervention. This article offers a theoretical analysis of why the United States’ Cold War policy diverged in Western Europe and the underdeveloped world and why the former tended to be peaceful while the latter often involved violence. Building on world system theory but expanding it further, I argue that politico-economic attributes of the region in question generally shape the hegemonic power’s foreign policy there. A major proponent of system-wide stability and prosperity, the hegemon assumes the role of tearing down obstacles to the extension of the market economy and its “political underpinning,” liberal democracy. However, an array of problems that bedevils the hegemonic state is not usually identical across the board, because distinctive political development ensues in the core, semi-periphery, and periphery of the capitalist world system. Relatively long-established capitalism bequeaths the core a solid market economy and the rein of the bourgeois middle class. Politics overall stable here, the hegemonic power confronts little systemic threat and dispenses with heavy-handed interventionism. On the other hand, the periphery, incorporated into the capitalist system only recently through colonization, lacks the foundation of the free market. Inability of the middle class to assert itself often engenders political instability in the periphery. As fledgling capitalist democracy is beleaguered by anti-market, socialist forces, the hegemonic state employs military means to cope with system-wide challenges.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

state (104), world (78), market (78), polit (74), capitalist (66), power (57), polici (54), hegemon (52), system (49), econom (47), pp (46), core (46), economi (45), feudal (45), war (43), peripheri (42), p (36), democraci (35), peac (33), capit (32), unit (32),

Author's Keywords:

The Capitalist World-System, US Cold War Policy, Core, Semi-Periphery, Periphery
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Name: New England Political Science Association
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Jo, Y. Hugh. "Why the Hegemon's Foreign Policy Differs in the Core and Periphery? - US Foreign Policy Variation in Industrialized Democracies and Third World Countries" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the New England Political Science Association, Sheraton Harborside Hotel and Conference Center, Portsmouth, ME, Apr 30, 2004 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p89918_index.html>

APA Citation:

Jo, Y. , 2004-04-30 "Why the Hegemon's Foreign Policy Differs in the Core and Periphery? - US Foreign Policy Variation in Industrialized Democracies and Third World Countries" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the New England Political Science Association, Sheraton Harborside Hotel and Conference Center, Portsmouth, ME Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p89918_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: A lingering puzzle in the studies of post-World War II American foreign policy is that the United States emphasized economic rehabilitation as a way of containing adversaries in Europe, whereas in Third World countries it relied primarily on heavy-handed military intervention. This article offers a theoretical analysis of why the United States’ Cold War policy diverged in Western Europe and the underdeveloped world and why the former tended to be peaceful while the latter often involved violence. Building on world system theory but expanding it further, I argue that politico-economic attributes of the region in question generally shape the hegemonic power’s foreign policy there. A major proponent of system-wide stability and prosperity, the hegemon assumes the role of tearing down obstacles to the extension of the market economy and its “political underpinning,” liberal democracy. However, an array of problems that bedevils the hegemonic state is not usually identical across the board, because distinctive political development ensues in the core, semi-periphery, and periphery of the capitalist world system. Relatively long-established capitalism bequeaths the core a solid market economy and the rein of the bourgeois middle class. Politics overall stable here, the hegemonic power confronts little systemic threat and dispenses with heavy-handed interventionism. On the other hand, the periphery, incorporated into the capitalist system only recently through colonization, lacks the foundation of the free market. Inability of the middle class to assert itself often engenders political instability in the periphery. As fledgling capitalist democracy is beleaguered by anti-market, socialist forces, the hegemonic state employs military means to cope with system-wide challenges.

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 28
Word count: 9009
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1 Many historians have pointed out that the United States took discriminated approaches in addressing challenges of the postwar world. American Cold War policy toward Europe differed substantially from its policy toward Africa Asia and Latin America.1 Engaging a considerable part of post-World War II planning the United States’ Western Europe policy centered on facilitating industrial production economic growth and balanced distribution of wealth. Through the politics of maximizing output and welfarism the United States helped the allies adjourn
effectiveness in bringing a free market and liberty to rogue states in a prompt and less-uncertain manner leaves military intervention a tempting alternative. Table 1. Feudalistic Surplus Appropriation The Dominant Group (Feudal Lords or Officeholders): Accumulate Wealth through Military Conquest or Political Arrangement Political Power + 28 Economic Power Table 2. Capitalistic Surplus Appropriation The Dominant Group (Capitalists): Accumulate Wealth through the Market Economic Power ------------------------ Political Power The State (Nation States): Maintain Law and Order to help the


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