Author's Keywords: Intentionality, imitation, generalization, affordance learning, social cognition	Convention Convention is an application service for managing large or small academic conferences, annual meetings, and other types of events! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: XVth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies URL: http://www.isisweb.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p93347_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Kennedy, Peter. and Nielsen, Mark. "Affordance Learning, Motivation And Understanding Others’ Intentions In 12-Month-Olds" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the XVth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, Westin Miyako, Kyoto, Japan, Jun 19, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p93347_index.html>

Kennedy, P. and Nielsen, M. , 2006-06-19 "Affordance Learning, Motivation And Understanding Others’ Intentions In 12-Month-Olds" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the XVth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, Westin Miyako, Kyoto, Japan <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p93347_index.html

Publication Type: Individual Poster Abstract: Background and aims: Past research using A. Melzoff’s (1995) seminal behavioural re-enactment task has shown that 18- but not 12-month-olds will reproduce a demonstrator’s attempted but unconsummated actions on an object. It has thus been argued that 12-month-olds interpret the behaviour of others mostly in terms of physical movements rather than within a psychological framework involving intended acts. However, using alternative measures 12-month-olds exhibit behaviours indicative of a developing understanding of intentions. Therefore, their failure to produce the unconsummated target acts of another may not be due to deficiencies in intention-reading. The aim of the current study was to examine whether young infants can reproduce unconsummated actions when the attractiveness of the target objects and their apparent affordances are enhanced. Methods: Thirty-three 12-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. A series of nine novel boxes were used throughout testing. Activating a switch located on each box resulted in a novel outcome. In order to enhance affordances, all infants first observed a model performing two full demonstrations (e.g., they would see a box opened by twisting a switch, then a second different box opened by pushing a switch). What infants saw on the third box was determined by condition. Infants in a Full Demonstration group saw the desirable outcome successfully modelled on the third box (e.g., it was opened by sliding a switch). Infants in a Failed Attempt group saw the model ‘attempt’ but fail to bring about the desired end result. Infants in an Adult Manipulation group saw the model manipulate the objects using non-specific actions. This procedure was repeated twice using boxes that produced distinct outcomes. Key result: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with condition as a between-participant factor was calculated for the number target acts produced. The main effect for condition was not significant, F (2, 30) = 1.01, p = .38. Thus, the number of target acts produced did not differ as a function of experimental condition. Conclusions: Replicating past research, the 12-month-old infants tested in the present study failed to show signs of intention reading. However, infants in the Full Demonstration condition were no more likely to produce the modelled end results than infants in the Adult Manipulation condition. These results are discussed with reference to the ability of young infants to both generalise across test stimuli and to interpret the affordances of objects based on observation of an adult manipulation.

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