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Association: Name: XVth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies URL: http://www.isisweb.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p94162_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Hsu, Hui-Chin. "Maternal Speech to 3-Month-Olds: Effects of Infant, Mother, and Context" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the XVth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies, <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p94162_index.html>

Hsu, H. "Maternal Speech to 3-Month-Olds: Effects of Infant, Mother, and Context" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the XVth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p94162_index.html

Publication Type: Individual Poster Abstract: Research on maternal speech to prelinguistic infants has been focusing on its pragmatic functions and unique acoustic features. Evidence suggests that maternal infant-directed speech characterized by high pitch, short duration, repetitiveness, and slow tempo facilitates infant cognitive development. Recent data further reveal that the content of maternal speech also makes significant contributions to infant development. For example, maternal mind-related comments (i.e., mind-mindedness speech regarding infants’ behaviors with explicit attributions to mental states such as thoughts, desires, and memories) are predictive of later secure attachment and understanding of mind (Meins et al., 2002). However, little is known about the association of infant, maternal, and contextual factors with the function and content of maternal speech in early infancy. The aims of this study, therefore, were to examine (1) whether the function and content of maternal speech would be impacted by a change in the social context such as a perturbation to the social interaction (i.e., maternal still face), and (2) whether the function and content of maternal speech would be affected by infant (e.g., positive and negative affect) and maternal (e.g., depression and anxiety) characteristics. 43 first-time American mothers and their 3-month-old infants took part in the maternal still face experiment, during which mothers ceased their interactive behaviors and posed a still face after 3 minutes of normal play. After the still face episode, mothers resumed normal play with their infants for another 3 minutes during reunion. Infants’ positive and negative affect during the episodes of normal play and reunion were coded from videos. Maternal speech utterances during these two same episodes were transcribed and further coded separately based on its function and content. The function of each maternal speech utterance was classified as affect- (e.g., recitation, and onomatopoeia) or information-salient (e.g., statements, interpretations, and questions). The content of maternal speech focused on maternal mind-mindedness comments (i.e., speech related to infants’ mind such as beliefs, desires, and mental intentions). Maternal self-reports on depression and anxiety were also obtained. Data analysis revealed that mothers demonstrated high levels of individual stability in the quantity of their speech from before to after maternal still face. However, as a group, mothers significantly reduced speech utterances after the perturbation. This decrement was primarily due to the reduction in maternal information-salient speech. With respect to speech content, the perturbation to social context did not change the number of mind-mindedness comments. Furthermore, maternal depression and anxiety were related to the reduction in mothers’ mindedness comments and information-salient speech during normal play and reunion. Infant positive and negative affect exhibited during normal play and reunion episodes were systematically associated with changes in the content and function of maternal speech Results from this study demonstrate that mothers of young infants are sensitive to not only infants’ physical needs but also their mental states. Consistent with the literature on parenting, the current findings further suggest that the function and content of maternal speech are shaped by multiple factors including the characteristics of infant, mother, and context.

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