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Association: Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p99156_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Reynolds, Kevin. "U.S Defense Transformation: To What and For What?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA, Mar 22, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p99156_index.html>

Reynolds, K. P. , 2006-03-22 "U.S Defense Transformation: To What and For What?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p99156_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: Thesis: The military is one of several tools America?s elected leadership has to promote, further, or obtain the nation?s interests. In order not to constrain the policy options open to the civilian leadership, the military should possess a capability set that will enhance or enable the pursuit of a broad range of foreign policy and national security strategy scenarios. As a result, defense transformation should occur with the requirements of national policy and strategy in mind. However, defense transformation is not proceeding in this fashion. Rather, the military is pursuing a transformation plan base on a group of technologies, which will ensure its supremacy in state-centric warfare, but whose utility outside of major force on force conflict is questionable at best. The military?s weapon-systems technological preferences, not policy, are driving the pace and forum of the military?s transformation and hence the future capabilities it will have. As a result, future political leaders may have their policy options constrained by a force structure that, although recently fielded, was imagined over 15 to 20 years previously and does not posses the capabilities required now. The potential to have a military force inadequately equipped and structured to support future policy has occurred largely because of three factors. First, the difference in the planning horizons between foreign policy/national security strategy development and weapon-systems/force structure development resulting in what might be referred to as ?Policy Lag.? Policy Lag almost always results in the military acquiring tomorrow the weapons systems and force structure it needs today. Second, the lack of a long view on the types of conflict the U.S. will most probably be involved in. The neglect of historical and recent empirical evidence in determining what transformation policy to pursue often leaves the U.S. preparing to fight the least likely but most dangerous conflicts vice preparing for the most likely but least dangerous conflicts that it will face in the future. Last, while the Department of Defense talks of transforming to a capability based force structure, it remains enmeshed in threat based planning. A transformation plan based on threats (present or future) virtually ensures the military will remain a weapon platform-centric force vice a system centric force since it must remain capable of defeating the threat?s similar systems. Thus, the military may become self-limiting by acquiring primarily those technologies it needs to defeat the threat and neglect the possibilities offered by alternative technologies. Given that the future is extremely difficulty to predict, the military should pursue a broad range of technologies that will both enhance and expand its future capability profile in order to better serve policy.

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