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The Janjaweed in the Sudan: A Case of Chronic Paramilitarism |
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Abstract:
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This paper examines state recourse to paramilitary force and its consequences for the security apparatus using the case of the janjaweed militias in the Darfur region of the Sudan. Advancing a model of weak and failed state behaviour, it is suggested that a threatened regime wishing to maintain its hold on power may turn to paramilitary groups to shore up domestic influence and conduct counterinsurgency operations thus neglecting or shutting out state security forces. This approach, while often successful in suppressing domestic insurrection where the regular military has failed, is also used as a means to sideline internal opposition and prevent the rise of competing elites within the government structure. Having committed to such a strategy, however, the regime is forced into its perpetual use in order to keep newly promoted client militias as well as internal and external opponents weak and unable to challenge its authority. This condition of chronic paramilitarism therefore leads to the disintegration of state institutions, traditional patronage networks, and domestic human security as government accountability falls to the wayside and the remnants of the state function only to perpetuate the power of the regime. The evidence shows that regimes become locked into path-dependencies when they forsake traditional security mechanisms for a more diffuse system of support in the form of largely unaccountable semi-autonomous militias. Effective resolution of this problem, therefore, must not only aim to halt violence, but also seek substantial change ranging from security sector reforms to regime transition. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
regim (129), darfur (123), govern (104), state (93), group (87), polit (86), militia (74), intern (73), secur (72), sudan (67), region (67), rebel (66), janjawe (65), conflict (64), ncp (64), forc (63), paramilitari (53), support (52), power (52), militari (50), arab (48), |
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Association:
Name: International Studies Association URL: http://www.isanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Zellman, Ariel. "The Janjaweed in the Sudan: A Case of Chronic Paramilitarism" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA, Mar 22, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p99266_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Zellman, A. , 2006-03-22 "The Janjaweed in the Sudan: A Case of Chronic Paramilitarism" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA Online <PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p99266_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: This paper examines state recourse to paramilitary force and its consequences for the security apparatus using the case of the janjaweed militias in the Darfur region of the Sudan. Advancing a model of weak and failed state behaviour, it is suggested that a threatened regime wishing to maintain its hold on power may turn to paramilitary groups to shore up domestic influence and conduct counterinsurgency operations thus neglecting or shutting out state security forces. This approach, while often successful in suppressing domestic insurrection where the regular military has failed, is also used as a means to sideline internal opposition and prevent the rise of competing elites within the government structure. Having committed to such a strategy, however, the regime is forced into its perpetual use in order to keep newly promoted client militias as well as internal and external opponents weak and unable to challenge its authority. This condition of chronic paramilitarism therefore leads to the disintegration of state institutions, traditional patronage networks, and domestic human security as government accountability falls to the wayside and the remnants of the state function only to perpetuate the power of the regime. The evidence shows that regimes become locked into path-dependencies when they forsake traditional security mechanisms for a more diffuse system of support in the form of largely unaccountable semi-autonomous militias. Effective resolution of this problem, therefore, must not only aim to halt violence, but also seek substantial change ranging from security sector reforms to regime transition. |
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| Document Type: |
PDF |
| Page count: |
46 |
| Word count: |
19543 |
| Text sample: |
| Zellman 1 The Janjaweed in the Sudan: A Case of Chronic Paramilitarism Ariel Zellman M.A. Candidate University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Panel: The Rise of Paramilitaries ISA Annual Convention San Diego CA March 23 2006 Zellman 2 With a considerable drop in the number of interstate wars over the last twenty years the harsh realities of intrastate conflict have come to the forefront as the greatest challenge to international peace and security since the end of the |
| pdf) http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/292/73/PDF/N0529273.pdf? OpenElement. USAID. “Sudan (Darfur) – Chad Border Region Confirmed Damaged and Destroyed Villages.” 2 August 2004 (map). http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub- saharan_africa/sudan/images/Darfur_Aug_2_villages.pdf. Warburg Gabriel. Islam Sectarianism and Politics in Sudan since the Mahdiyya. London: Hurst 2003. Wax Emily. “A Peace Force With No Power; African Union Monitors in Sudan Face Frustrating Limits.” Washington Post 11 December 2004. Final Edition; A01. Xinhua. “Sudanese parliament leader warns of West’s interference.” SPLMToday 19 September 2004. http://splmtoday.com/modules.php?name=News&file= article&sid=4274. |
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