(Page 19 of 23) - Quantifying Security Institutions: Creating a Measure of Institutionalization authored by Rafferty, Kirsten.

Institutional Breadth: 2 (of 9)

These arrangements also rank low in terms of institutional breadth. Members have been moving in
the direction of developing trade agreements. Singapore has entered trade agreements with
Australia, New Zealand, and the European Free Trade Association.

Malaysia has no such free

trade agreements in force at the time this paper is being written, but it is in the process of
negotiating agreements with Australia and New Zealand.

Government rhetoric suggests

partnerships in business and industry. However, there is no evidence at this time of foreign aid,
diplomatic support in economic forums, or linked scientific activities. Nor does the FPDA pursue
academic partnerships, or public diplomacy. There are no linked nongovernmental or interstate
institutions. The FPDA is often eclipsed by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
and the Asian Regional Forum (ARF), in which Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, and New Zealand
participate, and there is no apparent linkage among them.

The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

The OSCE is a regional security organization spanning Eurasia. With fifty-five member states, from
Europe, Central Asia, and the Americas, it is the largest regional security organization. The OSCE
was formally created in November 1990 as the successor to the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). Like its predecessor, it takes a very broad view of security,
emphasizing cooperative efforts to achieve human, politico-military, and economic-environmental
security.

Policy Coordination: 6 (of 10)

The OSCE achieves a moderate rank of 6 on policy coordination. It has a massive institutional
structure. Its a secretariat is located in Vienna, Austria and numerous field operations in Eastern
and South-Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. The organization employs 460 people
in its various offices and approximately 3,000 in its field operations.

High-level dialogue occurs in

summits (held in 1975, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1999) and annual Ministerial Conferences
(except for years in which a summit takes place). On a weekly basis, member-states’ delegations
(filled by dedicated national staffs) assemble in the Permanent Council and the Forum for Security
Cooperation, both of which sit in Vienna. The Permanent Council is the main regular decision-
making and negotiating body in the OSCE. The Forum for Security Cooperation discusses military
security in the OSCE area as well as security- and confidence- building measures.

The OSCE is not a military alliance, and as such it does not sponsor joint military

exercises, training or equipment standardization, or military integration. It does, however, actively

“Free Trade Agreements (FTAs),” Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Foreign Policy,

http://www.mfa.gov.sg/internet/foreignpolicy/io_fta.htm

“Australia-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement Negotiations,” Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and

Trade, http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/fta/updates/060222_update.html.

OSCE, About: Facts and Figures,

http://www.osce.org/about/13117.html