Author's Keywords: Gender; Black Feminism; Rap; Hip Hop; Black Female Rappers	Convention All Academic Convention makes running your annual conference simple and cost effective. It is your online solution for abstract management, peer review, and scheduling for your annual meeting or convention. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Sociological Association URL: http://www.asanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103330_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Oware, Matthew. "A Man's Woman? Contradictory Messages in the Songs of Female Rappers, 1992-2000" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Aug 10, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103330_index.html>

Oware, M. , 2006-08-10 "A Man's Woman? Contradictory Messages in the Songs of Female Rappers, 1992-2000" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online <PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103330_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Abstract: Researchers and social critics find that there are demeaning and sexist depictions of women in hip hop videos and in rap songs by male rap artists. However, there is not research that systematically analyzes popular female rap artists� songs. Employing content analysis of 44 songs taken from the Billboard charts between 1992 and 2000, I find that all female artists in the sample included the cornerstones of rap in their songs: braggadocio, consumption of alcohol and drugs, and �dissin� of female and male rap competitors. Moreover, the majority of the artists had themes of female agency and empowerment present in their music. However, the artists also had songs that were antithetical to Patricia Hill Collins' (1991) black feminism. Indeed, a majority of the songs examined had women who self-objectified, self-exploited, and used derogatory lyrics when referring to other women. I find that these contradictory messages, sometimes by the same artists, nullify the empowering messages that are conveyed, and only reproduce and uphold male hegemonic notions of femininity. In the end, female rap artists must be held accountable for the messages that they convey in their music.

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The Co-optation of 'The Third World Female Subject': Sting and U2 Dis(Empower) Female Relatives of Latin American 'Desaparecidos' in U. S. American Popular Music