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Class Politics as a Ruling Strategy: Working Class Exclusion and Middle Class Inclusion during the Park Chung Hee Regime in South Korea?

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Abstract:

Many writings emphasize repressive aspects of authoritarian regimes and resistance against them from society. Paying attention to long-standing stability of the Park Chung Hee regime (1961-1979), this paper attempts to investigate one way in which repressive regimes generate political legitimacy and examines class politics as a ruling strategy of the regime and its reactions. In the 1960s, both working class and middle class were the beneficiaries of a rapid economic developmental project and pseudo-hegemony was formed corresponding to the expansion of the total economic scale. However, the social base for popular support attenuated in the 1970s as income disparity deepened and political repression grew severe. At times when anti-regime worker mobilization intensified, the urban middle class opted for the status quo aligning themselves with state ideology. In short, working class exclusion and middle class inclusion constituted the central mechanism for the generation of regime legitimacy and the necessary political coalition between the working and middle classes for wide opposition and democratization was blocked.

Most Common Document Word Stems:

regim (114), park (81), state (76), class (71), polit (69), econom (63), worker (49), develop (43), korea (40), middl (39), korean (38), power (38), industri (36), hee (35), social (35), nation (35), peopl (35), chung (33), consent (32), opposit (29), labor (27),

Author's Keywords:

hegemony, ruling ideology, class politics, middle class, working class, exclusion, inclusion, consent, dissent
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Name: American Sociological Association
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MLA Citation:

Yang, Myung Ji. "Class Politics as a Ruling Strategy: Working Class Exclusion and Middle Class Inclusion during the Park Chung Hee Regime in South Korea?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Aug 10, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-05-25 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103870_index.html>

APA Citation:

Yang, M. , 2006-08-10 "Class Politics as a Ruling Strategy: Working Class Exclusion and Middle Class Inclusion during the Park Chung Hee Regime in South Korea?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Online <PDF>. 2009-05-25 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p103870_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Many writings emphasize repressive aspects of authoritarian regimes and resistance against them from society. Paying attention to long-standing stability of the Park Chung Hee regime (1961-1979), this paper attempts to investigate one way in which repressive regimes generate political legitimacy and examines class politics as a ruling strategy of the regime and its reactions. In the 1960s, both working class and middle class were the beneficiaries of a rapid economic developmental project and pseudo-hegemony was formed corresponding to the expansion of the total economic scale. However, the social base for popular support attenuated in the 1970s as income disparity deepened and political repression grew severe. At times when anti-regime worker mobilization intensified, the urban middle class opted for the status quo aligning themselves with state ideology. In short, working class exclusion and middle class inclusion constituted the central mechanism for the generation of regime legitimacy and the necessary political coalition between the working and middle classes for wide opposition and democratization was blocked.

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Document Type: PDF
Page count: 27
Word count: 9283
Text sample:
Class Politics as a Ruling Strategy: Working Class Exclusion and Middle Class Inclusion during the Park Chung Hee Regime in South Korea? Myungji Yang Department of Sociology The Graduate School Brown University Introduction Is it possible that state dominates society only with coercion and violence? Do all repressive regimes block resistance from below solely depending on military power or force of arms? Most existing studies have paid attention to the repressive aspects of authoritarian regimes and assumed that authoritarian
Weapons of the Weak. New Haven: Yale University Press. Seong Kyung Lyung. 1995. Hangukui Jeongchicheje Byeondonggwa Sahoejeongchaekui Byeonhwa [Transformation of Political Regime and Change of Social Policy in Korea: An Analysis of Political Sociology] in Political Sociology of Transformation of Political Regime Seoul: Hanul SinDonga Son Ho Chul. 1993. Park Chung Hee Jeonggwonui Jeonchijeok Seonggyeok [Political Characteristics of the Park Chung Hee Regime] in Critical Review of History Seoul: Institute for Korean Historical Studies Weber Max. 1978. “Types of


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