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Gender Differences and Changes over Time in the Relationship between Free Time and Individual's Perceived Time Pressure

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Abstract:

U.S. adults are increasingly likely to report that they always feel rushed yet some research indicates that free time has increased over the past thirty years, raising questions about the relationship between leisure and time pressures. To date, few scholars have addressed the correlates of feeling rushed and little quantitative research has investigated the relationship between changing patterns of time use and feeling time pressured. In this paper, we review the evidence on changing patterns of free time and consider how the relationship between free time and feeling rushed has changed between 1975 and 1998. Since women more than men are likely to experience a time-crunch, we also consider whether free time affects women's and men's time pressure in different ways. Our findings suggest that women and men feel rushed more often in 1998 than they did in 1975. However, the increase was greater for women than men. In 1975, more free time, and more 'pure' free time were associated with lesser feelings of time pressure for both men and women, but women benefited more from their free time than did men. In 1998, Americans' sense of time pressure was still inversely related to their free time; however, men's time pressure was reduced more by increased free time than was women's. Multivariate analyses confirm these findings and suggest that marriage, employment and parenthood each increase women's but not men's time pressure. Hence, the change in how free time influences women's time pressure may be a result of the added demands placed upon women as they are increasingly responsible not only for maintaining the household and caring for children, but also for contributing to the family's financial well-being.

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group (80), coalit (73), communiti (67), american (62), polit (48), ethnic (43), korean (43), latino (43), three (37), organ (37), racial (34), black (34), angel (34), korean-american (34), los (34), interact (32), form (26), tension (26), within (26), riot (25), need (24),

Author's Keywords:

gender, time use, time pressure, leisure
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Name: American Sociological Association
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http://www.asanet.org


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MLA Citation:

Sayer, Liana. and Mattingly, Marybeth. "Gender Differences and Changes over Time in the Relationship between Free Time and Individual's Perceived Time Pressure" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, Aug 16, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p105901_index.html>

APA Citation:

Sayer, L. C. and Mattingly, M. J. , 2003-08-16 "Gender Differences and Changes over Time in the Relationship between Free Time and Individual's Perceived Time Pressure" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p105901_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: U.S. adults are increasingly likely to report that they always feel rushed yet some research indicates that free time has increased over the past thirty years, raising questions about the relationship between leisure and time pressures. To date, few scholars have addressed the correlates of feeling rushed and little quantitative research has investigated the relationship between changing patterns of time use and feeling time pressured. In this paper, we review the evidence on changing patterns of free time and consider how the relationship between free time and feeling rushed has changed between 1975 and 1998. Since women more than men are likely to experience a time-crunch, we also consider whether free time affects women's and men's time pressure in different ways. Our findings suggest that women and men feel rushed more often in 1998 than they did in 1975. However, the increase was greater for women than men. In 1975, more free time, and more 'pure' free time were associated with lesser feelings of time pressure for both men and women, but women benefited more from their free time than did men. In 1998, Americans' sense of time pressure was still inversely related to their free time; however, men's time pressure was reduced more by increased free time than was women's. Multivariate analyses confirm these findings and suggest that marriage, employment and parenthood each increase women's but not men's time pressure. Hence, the change in how free time influences women's time pressure may be a result of the added demands placed upon women as they are increasingly responsible not only for maintaining the household and caring for children, but also for contributing to the family's financial well-being.

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