Author's Keywords: Race/Gender/Class, Resistance, Women's Struggles	Convention All Academic Convention makes running your annual conference simple and cost effective. It is your online solution for abstract management, peer review, and scheduling for your annual meeting or convention. Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Sociological Association URL: http://www.asanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106299_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Barnett, Bernice. "Women and Cultures of Resistance: The Dynamics of Race, Gender, and Class in Social Protest" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, Aug 16, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106299_index.html>

Barnett, B. M. , 2003-08-16 "Women and Cultures of Resistance: The Dynamics of Race, Gender, and Class in Social Protest" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106299_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: Racial ethnic women have a long history of activism and resistance to oppression within the context of interacting race, gender, and class relations of power/privilege and oppression/domination. Although often not recognized as "leaders," racial ethnic women have made significant contributions and performed these multiple leadership roles: articulating the needs and concerns of followers; defining and setting goals; providing ideologies justifying action; formulating strategies and tactics; initiating action; organizing and coordinating actions; mobilizing and persuading followers; leading and directing actions; raising funds and other material resources; teaching, educating, and training followers as well as other leaders; generating publicity; obtaining public sympathy and support; and serving as a mediator of group interactions, especially competition and conflict. However, not a great many studies of civil rights struggles have centered analysis on women of color or their significance as leaders. The level of recognition of African American, Latina American, Asian American, and Native American women leaders has been in part a function of gender, race, and class biases inherent not only in the public psyche about who is a legitimate leader and what constitutes leadership but also in academic research. Moreover, while mainstream scholarship has tended to reflect a more narrow one-dimensional conception of leadership that is Eurocentric, classist, and patricentric, Ethnic Studies and Women's Studies ironically also have exhibited their respective gender and race biases that have marginalized women of color in studies of civil rights struggles. However, in spite of the triple constraints of gender, race, and class, racial ethnic women have been active agents rather than passive bystanders in the fight for the rights of differently privileged racial groups, women, children, students, gays, lesbians, migrant farmers, garment workers, welfare recipients, and others. Triangulating archival data, ethnographic studies, historical documents, and interviews, this paper: (1) redefines leadership in terms of its multidimensionality and functions; (2) utilizes a woman-centered analysis in comparing the activism and leadership of African American, Latina, Asian American, and Native American women in civil rights struggles; (3) examines women's cultures of resistance as survival-resistance strategies revolving around collectivist (i.e. group) orientations toward family and community more than individualistic orientations toward self; and (4) analyzes the experiences of racial ethnic women activists and the mechanisms by which they dealt with sexism, racism, and classism inside and outside of civil rights struggles and reassessed their work and family roles, used work and family as organizing tools for resistance and motivations for activism, and established their own political agenda as both women and racial ethnic minorities.

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