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Divergent Trends in Educational Attainment and Attitudes towards Marital Dissolution from 1974-2000: An Emergent Source of Societal Inequality?

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Abstract:

This paper examines unequal trends in divorce attitudes in the United States. We find that young adults’ attitudes toward divorce have exhibited a striking crossover by educational attainment in recent decades. College graduates, who previously had the most open attitudes toward divorce, have become more restrictive in their attitudes toward divorce than high school graduates and far more restrictive than high school dropouts.
To explain this educational crossover in divorce attitudes, we assess trends in other values and attitudes, workforce involvement, and family structure for young adult women and men. For women, we find that there is a relative shift toward more conservative attitudes and values among college graduates, but this overall shift does not explain the educational crossover in divorce attitudes. Instead, the educational crossover in divorce attitudes is partly explained by two trends – women’s incomes and occupational prestige are becoming associated with restrictive rather than permissive divorce attitudes, and less-educated women are increasingly likely to be single mothers. For men, we find no explanation for the educational crossover in divorce attitudes. From these findings, we speculate that young adults, particularly college graduates, are becoming more concerned about negative consequences of divorce. However, women with less than a college degree often face considerable uncertainty about marriage partners, and may see access to divorce as an important precondition for “risking” a marriage. Conversely, young adults with college degrees may favor restrictions on divorce because they are personally unlikely to enter an uncertain marriage.

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divorc (103), educ (77), marriag (76), women (71), toward (57), attitud (55), marit (54), year (52), econom (50), men (47), high (45), marri (45), increas (39), school (37), colleg (37), graduat (35), attain (34), individu (33), social (30), age (28), variabl (28),

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Divorce, Education, Trend Analysis, GSS
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Name: American Sociological Association
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MLA Citation:

Martin, Steven. and Parashar, Sangeeta. "Divergent Trends in Educational Attainment and Attitudes towards Marital Dissolution from 1974-2000: An Emergent Source of Societal Inequality?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, Aug 16, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106925_index.html>

APA Citation:

Martin, S. P. and Parashar, S. , 2003-08-16 "Divergent Trends in Educational Attainment and Attitudes towards Marital Dissolution from 1974-2000: An Emergent Source of Societal Inequality?" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106925_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper examines unequal trends in divorce attitudes in the United States. We find that young adults’ attitudes toward divorce have exhibited a striking crossover by educational attainment in recent decades. College graduates, who previously had the most open attitudes toward divorce, have become more restrictive in their attitudes toward divorce than high school graduates and far more restrictive than high school dropouts.
To explain this educational crossover in divorce attitudes, we assess trends in other values and attitudes, workforce involvement, and family structure for young adult women and men. For women, we find that there is a relative shift toward more conservative attitudes and values among college graduates, but this overall shift does not explain the educational crossover in divorce attitudes. Instead, the educational crossover in divorce attitudes is partly explained by two trends – women’s incomes and occupational prestige are becoming associated with restrictive rather than permissive divorce attitudes, and less-educated women are increasingly likely to be single mothers. For men, we find no explanation for the educational crossover in divorce attitudes. From these findings, we speculate that young adults, particularly college graduates, are becoming more concerned about negative consequences of divorce. However, women with less than a college degree often face considerable uncertainty about marriage partners, and may see access to divorce as an important precondition for “risking” a marriage. Conversely, young adults with college degrees may favor restrictions on divorce because they are personally unlikely to enter an uncertain marriage.

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Document Type: .PDF
Page count: 30
Word count: 7661
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Divergent Trends in Educational Attainment and Attitudes towards Marital Dissolution from 1974-2000: An Emergent Source of Societal Inequality? By Sangeeta Parashar University of Maryland College Park and Steve P. Martin University of Maryland College Park Please direct all correspondences to sparashar@socy.umd.edu. INTRODUCTION During the initial half of the twentieth century American society witnessed a steadily increasing divorce rate which escalated dramatically around 1967 peaked to an all time high in 1980 and after declining slightly has now assumed a
with in our model. 14 Since people with low educational attainment tend to cohabit some questions that emerge are: Are people cohabiting and then getting married or are they forgoing marriage completely; does cohabitation reflect declining commitment towards marriage and how does that affect family composition and structure? What are the implications for fertility? Consequently does cohabitation lead to further social 28 inequality especially since children are less likely to be financially supported by their fathers or is it


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