Author's Keywords: Social Movements, Political Sociology, Direct Democracy, Gay and Lesbian Studies	Convention Submission, Review, and Scheduling! All Academic Convention can help with all of your abstract management needs and many more. Contact us today for a quote! Submission - Custom fields, multiple submission types, tracks, audio visual, multiple upload formats, automatic conversion to pdf. Review - Peer Review, Bulk reviewer assignment, bulk emails, ranking, z-score statistics, and multiple worksheets! Reports - Many standard and custom reports generated while you wait. Print programs with participant indexes, event grids, and more! Scheduling - Flexible and convenient grid scheduling within rooms and buildings. Conflict checking and advanced filtering. Communication - Bulk email tools to help your administrators send reminders and responses. Use form letters, a message center, and much more! Management - Search tools, duplicate people management, editing tools, submission transfers, many tools to manage a variety of conference management headaches! Click here for more information.
Association: Name: American Sociological Association URL: http://www.asanet.org
Citation: URL: http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106988_index.html Direct Link: HTML Code:

Camp, Bayliss. "Direct Democracy and the Political Process: LBG and Christian Conservative Movements in Four States, 1990-2000" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, Aug 16, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106988_index.html>

Camp, B. J. , 2003-08-16 "Direct Democracy and the Political Process: LBG and Christian Conservative Movements in Four States, 1990-2000" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p106988_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: How does the option to use direct legislation (DL, i.e., ballot initiatives and popular referenda) alter the political strategies and mobilization of social movements in the United States? In a qualitative case study of two movements in four states over a period of ten years, I argue that we must refine our understanding of political opportunity structures and procedural democracy. DL, although ostensibly equally accessible to all, does not affect the strategies of the gay/lesbian movement and its Christian conservative opponents in the same way. While Christian conservatives use the DL process when it is available at the state level, the gay and lesbian movement never does. This is partly a function of organizational infrastructure – Christian conservative groups can mobilize both voters and dollars, while gay rights groups must rely upon a combination of a smaller grassroots base and powerful interest-group allies. In addition, this differential use results partly from the strategic opportunities available to each movement – political access has been declining during this period for Christian conservatives, while on the gay rights groups have cemented their alliance with the Democratic party. Furthermore, because DL can function as a tool not just for policy change but also for mobilization, the Christian conservative movement is much more active generally, and concerned with gay rights specifically, in states that have DL. This suggests more profoundly how direct democracy fundamentally affects the mobilization potential of different kinds groups, depending upon their ability to mobilize resources but also their ability to make majoritarian claims.

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