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Segregation and Integration: Ethnic Composition of the Labor Market and Socioeconomic Inequality among Blacks, Hispanics and Whites |
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Abstract:
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This research examines the role of labor market segregation in determining socioeconomic outcomes and socioeconomic inequalities among blacks, Hispanics and whites. Using data from the 1992-1994 Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), we examine the extent to which the racial or ethnic composition of jobs in one's place of work affects racial and ethnic- linked occupational and earnings inequalities among whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Four types of ethnic labor markets are distinguished according to the ethnic composition of the jobs in the work establishment: predominantly white, multi-ethnic or mixed, predominantly black, and predominantly Hispanic. We find considerable differences among the four labor markets in both their populations' characteristics and socioeconomic outcomes. White labor markets are characterized by the highest earnings, highest status occupations, and highest levels of education. Hispanic labor markets are characterized by the lowest salaries, lowest status occupations, and lowest levels of education. The data analysis provides only partial support for the hypothesis that labor market segregation is responsible for the socioeconomic disparities among groups. Only part of the socioeconomic differences between whites and the minority populations can be attributed to labor market segregation. Specifically, when compared with whites, blacks and Hispanics are disadvantaged in their attainment of occupational status and earnings even when considering the socioeconomic disadvantages associated with segregation patterns across labor markets. The analysis also reveals that the occupational status and earnings of most workers could have increased considerably had they been rewarded like whites employed in the predominantly white labor market. The only group of workers who "benefitted" from segregation are Hispanic workers employed in ethnic labor markets, especially in the Hispanic labor market. In the absence of competition with whites, Hispanics are able to achieve jobs and earnings that they could not attain in the mainstream labor market. Their actual occupations and earnings are substantially higher than expected on basis of their human resources. In contrast, blacks are disadvantaged in their attainment of socioeconomic rewards regardless of the ethnic composition of the labor market. In fact, their socioeconomic disadvantages are more pronounced in ethnic labor markets than outside them. The differential effects of labor market segregation on socioeconomic outcomes of blacks and Hispanics are evaluated and discussed within the framework of the sheltered ethnic-economy theoretical model. |
Most Common Document Word Stems:
market (233), labor (229), ethnic (148), occup (105), employ (100), hispan (87), worker (83), segreg (82), white (82), status (80), minor (73), black (68), earn (58), socioeconom (58), inequ (44), economi (39), racial (38), group (37), econom (32), major (30), popul (30), |
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Association:
Name: American Sociological Association URL: http://www.asanet.org
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Citation:
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MLA Citation:
| Semyonov, Moshe. and Herring, Cedric. "Segregation and Integration: Ethnic Composition of the Labor Market and Socioeconomic Inequality among Blacks, Hispanics and Whites" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA, Aug 16, 2003 <Not Available>. 2009-05-26 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p107175_index.html> |
APA Citation:
| Semyonov, M. and Herring, C. , 2003-08-16 "Segregation and Integration: Ethnic Composition of the Labor Market and Socioeconomic Inequality among Blacks, Hispanics and Whites" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, GA Online <.PDF>. 2009-05-26 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p107175_index.html |
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript Review Method: Peer Reviewed Abstract: This research examines the role of labor market segregation in determining socioeconomic outcomes and socioeconomic inequalities among blacks, Hispanics and whites. Using data from the 1992-1994 Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality (MCSUI), we examine the extent to which the racial or ethnic composition of jobs in one's place of work affects racial and ethnic- linked occupational and earnings inequalities among whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Four types of ethnic labor markets are distinguished according to the ethnic composition of the jobs in the work establishment: predominantly white, multi-ethnic or mixed, predominantly black, and predominantly Hispanic. We find considerable differences among the four labor markets in both their populations' characteristics and socioeconomic outcomes. White labor markets are characterized by the highest earnings, highest status occupations, and highest levels of education. Hispanic labor markets are characterized by the lowest salaries, lowest status occupations, and lowest levels of education. The data analysis provides only partial support for the hypothesis that labor market segregation is responsible for the socioeconomic disparities among groups. Only part of the socioeconomic differences between whites and the minority populations can be attributed to labor market segregation. Specifically, when compared with whites, blacks and Hispanics are disadvantaged in their attainment of occupational status and earnings even when considering the socioeconomic disadvantages associated with segregation patterns across labor markets. The analysis also reveals that the occupational status and earnings of most workers could have increased considerably had they been rewarded like whites employed in the predominantly white labor market. The only group of workers who "benefitted" from segregation are Hispanic workers employed in ethnic labor markets, especially in the Hispanic labor market. In the absence of competition with whites, Hispanics are able to achieve jobs and earnings that they could not attain in the mainstream labor market. Their actual occupations and earnings are substantially higher than expected on basis of their human resources. In contrast, blacks are disadvantaged in their attainment of socioeconomic rewards regardless of the ethnic composition of the labor market. In fact, their socioeconomic disadvantages are more pronounced in ethnic labor markets than outside them. The differential effects of labor market segregation on socioeconomic outcomes of blacks and Hispanics are evaluated and discussed within the framework of the sheltered ethnic-economy theoretical model. |
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.PDF |
| Page count: |
34 |
| Word count: |
8858 |
| Text sample: |
| Segregation and Integration: Ethnic Composition of the Labor Market and Socioeconomic Inequality among Blacks Hispanics and Whites Moshe Semyonov Tel Aviv University and University of Illinois at Chicago and Cedric Herring University of Illinois at Chicago and University of Illinois January 2003 DRAFT -- PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE. Abstract for Segregation and Integration: Ethnic Composition of the Labor Market and Socioeconomic Inequality among Blacks Hispanics and Whites This research examines the role of labor market segregation in |
| on the Internal Size Distribution of Black Income: 19541974." Social Forces 56: 1019 1034. Waldinger R. H. E. Aldrich and R. Ward 1990 . Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Immigrant Business in Industrial Societies. Beverly Hills Calif: Sage. Wilcox J. and W.C. Roof. 1978. "Percent black and blackwhite status inequality: Southern versus nonsouthern patterns." Social Science Quarterly 59: 421434. Wilson K. and W.A. Martin. 1982 " Ethnic Enclaves: A comparison of the Cuban and Black Economies in Miami." American Journal of sociology |
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